公共卫生实验室应对呼吸道传染病的准备情况——欧盟/欧洲经济区国家对新冠肺炎大流行经验教训的看法

November 2025 ECDCSURVEILLANCE&MONITORING Preparedness of public health laboratoriesfor respiratory infectious diseases– December2025 This report was commissioned by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) under theservicecontractECDC.16965 REF.240270,coordinated by Eeva Broberg, Angeliki Melidou and Cyril Barbezange, Authors Sarah Parkinson (RAND Europe), Saoirse Moriarty (RAND Europe), Katarina Pisani (RAND Europe), Fifi Olumogba(RAND Europe), Katie Sykes (RAND Europe), Daniela Moye Holz (RAND Europe), Daniela Rodriguez Rincon (RAND Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the participants for this study, including those that participated in interviews, the surveyand the technical meeting. These participants were ECDC’sNational Focal Points for Respiratory Viral Diseases,National Microbiology Focal Points,Operational Contact Points for COVID-19/influenza, and representatives from We would also like to thank Sana Zakaria and Toby Webster (RAND Europe), who reviewed and quality assured thisreport, as well as Kate Baker (University of Cambridge) and Arnaud Fontanet (Institut Pasteur) for serving on the Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Preparedness of public health laboratoriesfor respiratory infectious diseases–EU/EEA country perspectives on lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Stockholm,December2025 ISBN978-92-9498-848-5doi:10.2900/2054985 Contents Abbreviations...............................................................................................................................................ivKey findings..................................................................................................................................................1Introduction..................................................................................................................................................2Aim and scope of the study.............................................................................................................................2Methods........................................................................................................................................................3Results..........................................................................................................................................................5The role of EU institutions in public health laboratory preparedness..................................................................17Summary and discussion..............................................................................................................................19Options for actions.......................................................................................................................................20References..................................................................................................................................................21Annex 1. Methodological annex.....................................................................................................................25Annex 2. PRISMA diagram............................................................................................................................29 Abbreviations EEAEuropean Economic AreaEUEuropean UnionGDPRGeneral Data Protection Regulation Key findings During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health laboratories (PHLs) in EU/EEA countries faced intense pressure dueto high levels of demand and limited capacity and resources.They facedchallenges in staffing laboratories withsufficiently trained staff and implementing new digital infrastructure to support genomic surveillance. Supply chain In response, PHLs increased capacity by hiring and training new staff, building new physical and digitalinfrastructure, and procured supplies through new procurement schemes and from new sources. PHL activities The COVID-19 pandemic led to great advances in genomic surveillance, sequencing capacity, and other techniquessuch as wastewater surveillance. During the pandemic, PHLs implemented new techniques and methods, andneeded to respond rapidly to emerging evidence, including information about variants. Guidelines and standard PHLs struggled with data sharing, collaboration and coordination during the pandemic. Collaboration and networkswere crucial in addressing some of these challenges. For example, regional networks within countries helped There is an opportunity to learn from the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic to help improve the preparednessof PHLs for future health threats, including balancing thespeed, accuracy and quantity of teststhat laboratoriesneed to deliver. Information about the types of PHL activitiesthat are most effectivetoinform decision making at To improve preparedness of PHLs for futurerespiratory health threats, countries should maintain sufficient PHLcapacity during‘peace time’to detect threats a