增强识别（ID）生态系统的网络弹性：关键风险和良好实践缓解措施

Acknowledgments This note was authored by Ghislain de Salins and Marie Eichholtzer from the World Bank and by Shah Mahmood andCarsten Maple from Warwick University. Feedback and input were provided by Casey Torgusson, Taylor Reynolds, JuliaClark, Christopher Tullis, Audrey Ariss, Giacomo Assenza, Adam Cooper, Clement Gevaudan, and Baidy Sy. The development of this note was enabled by the Cybersecurity Multi-Donor Trust Fund, a development partner-fundedWorld Bank initiative under the broader Digital Development Partnership 2.0 Umbrella Program, aiming to buildcybersecurity capacity and strengthen cyber resilience in low-and middle-income countries.The development of this note Disclaimer The intended audience for this note includes policy makers as well as cybersecurity and ID practitioners. It aims to providetechnical guidance and support informed decision-making on cybersecurity risk management for digital ID ecosystems.However,the implementation of any recommended cybersecurity measure remains the sole responsibility ofgovernments and organizations. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the content,the World Bank does not assume liability for any cybersecurity breaches, losses, or failures that may occur following the © 2025International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bankdoes not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank,all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3.0/igo.Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work,including for commercial purposes, Cover photo ©Daniel Silva/ World Bank Group About ID4D Identification for Development (ID4D) combines global knowledge, cross-sectoral expertise, financial andtechnical assistance, and partnerships to help countries realize the transformational potential of digitalID and civil registration ecosystems. The goal of this initiative is to accelerate inclusive growth and theachievement of a wide range of development outcomes by enabling all people to access more and better ID4D has become a thought leader and knowledge hub on why ID matters for development, how to buildgood ID and civil registration ecosystems, and tracking of impact and progress. The initiative is comprisedof various parts of the World Bank Group, which focus on digital development, social protection, health,governance, gender, social inclusion, legal, financial and private sector development, regional integration,data, and forced displacement. ID4D has also leveraged intellectual partnerships with the Bill & Melinda To find out more about ID4D, visitwww.id4d.worldbank.org Acronyms and Abbreviations Contents Executive summary.........................................................................................................................1Introduction....................................................................................................................................21.Key cybersecurityrisks..............................................................................................................3Global trends.............................................................................................................................3Design and procurement..........................................................................................................5Registration...............................................................................................................................7Authentication..........................................................................................................................8Data Sharing............................................................................................................................102.Effective risk management strategies....................................................................................12Building foundational capabilities at the national level.........................................................12 Executive summary Introduction Digitalidentification(ID)ecosystems are key enablers for economic development and digitaltransformation, as theyempowerindividuals to seamlessly access essential services suc