为热浪准备弹性运输系统

© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW SOME RIGHTS RESERVED This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reductionand Recovery (GFDRR). The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governmentsthey represent. Although the World Bank and GFDRR make reasonable efforts to ensure all theinformation presented in this document is correct, its accuracy and integrity cannot be guaranteed. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS.This work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encouragesdissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial ATTRIBUTION.Please cite this work as follows: World Bank. 2025. Preparing Resilient TransportationSystems for Heatwaves. Washington, DC: The World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC TRANSLATIONS.If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer alongwith the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered ADAPTATION.If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer alongwith the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions Cover design, layout and illustrations: to come THIRD-PARTY CONTENT.The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the contentcontained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those thirdparties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringements rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse Contents ivAcknowledgmentsvAbbreviations 1.Introduction and Background 3 2.Heatwaves and Transport Infrastructure:Impacts, Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies9 9Roads 10Impacts of Heatwaves on Road Transport11Adaptation Strategies for Road Transport Networks 12Railways 13The Impact of Heatwaves on Railways 15Air Transportation 16The Impact of Heatwaves on Air Transportation 18Public and Active Transportation 19The Impact of Heatwaves on Public and Active Transportation 3.Heatwaves and Transport User Behaviors:Impacts, Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies22 23The Impact of Heatwaves on Workforce and User Behavior24Adaptation Strategies for Workforce and Users24Knowledge Gaps 4.Additional Considerations 25 26Prioritizing Investment26Regional Differences28Climate Inequality 5. Overarching Recommendations32 33Develop a Heatwave Action Roadmap33Apply Proactive and Flexible Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies34Develop Early Warning Systems Using Improved Measurement Sensors Figures 4Figure 1.1Rising Threat of Heat Exposure for Urban Transport Systemsin Low- and Middle-Income Countries Map 5Map 1.1Heatwave Thresholds and Hottest Temperatures in Different Regions Table 7Table 1.1Overview of Thermal Comfort Measurements Acknowledgments Risk Management Specialist, World Bank), Nicholas Jones (Data Scientist, World Bank), andPaolo Avner (Senior Urban Economist, World Bank) and comprising lead author Satish V.Ukkusuri (Hubert and Audrey Kleasen Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University),Shagun Mittal (PhD Candidate, Purdue University), and Sang Ung Park (PhD Candidate,Purdue University). The work was conducted under the overall guidance of Ming Zhang The report is based on insights developed through a literature review and through workinggroup meetings chaired by Professor Ukkusuri and comprising the following panelmembers: Andrea Santos (Adjunct Professor, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro),Arturo Ardila-Gomez (Lead Transport Economist, World Bank), Chao Ren (Professor, The The team benefited from valuable guidance from World Bank peer reviewers Maria CarolinaMonsalve (Lead Economist), Jing Xiong (Senior Transport Economist), Mehul Jain (SeniorDisaster Risk Management Specialist), and Paula Restrepo Cadavid (Lead Urban Specialist).Ana Campos-Garcia (Lead Disaster Risk Management Specialist, World Bank) provided Abbreviations °Cdegree Celsius°Fdegree FahrenheitCO2carbon dioxideEVelectric vehicleHVACheating, ventilation, and air conditioningICTinformation and communication technologyIoTInternet of ThingsIPCCIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ExecutiveSummary Photo: People brave heatwave conditions during a hotsummer day at the banksof Sangam (confluenceof River Ganges, Yamunaand mythical Saraswati) practitioners, policy makers, and urban planners. Extreme heat events such as heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity asa result of climate change. Transportati