性别智能公共工程项目：使公共工程更具包容性

Gender-SmartPublic WorksPrograms HIGHLIGHT Women often face multiple, gen-der-specificbarriers,suchasmobility constraints, and care ob-ligations, that prevent them fromaccessingincome-generating ac-tivities,including public worksprograms (PWPs). A range of “gen-der-smart” design features can beincorporated in PWPs to enhancewomen’sability to participate inand benefit from them. For exam-ple, the distance to work sites canbe minimized, program design caninclude on-site childcare solutions,and work schedules can be mademoreflexible.Such features cannotonly help programs addressgender gaps but can also enhancethe programs’ overall impact. Thisnote discusses how PWPs can in-tegrategender-smart design anddeliveryfeatures to help morewomenparticipate and benefit.Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Making Public Works MoreInclusive Itay Noy and Alessandra Heinemanni KEY MESSAGES •Gender-smart adaptations can helpwomen benefit fully from PWPs.Thesecan include focusing on assets and servicessuchas schools,healthcare facilities,ornearby wells and water points, that makeeveryday life easier and safer for womenand their families. Benefits can also comefrom directing payments to women’s ownaccountsand from organizing trainingthat reflects women’s specific needs andcircumstances. •Across the globe, women face multiplebarriers to participating in PWPs.Theseinclude unsuitable work activities, restrictivesocial and cultural norms limiting women’smobility or interaction with men, risks ofgender-based violence, and disproportionatecare responsibilities at home. •PWPscanintegrateintentional,“gender-smart”solutions to addressspecific barriers to women’s ability toparticipatein andbenefitfrom them.Understandingthe distinction betweenthese two aspects is essential, as women’saccess to a program does not automaticallytranslate into lasting gains. •Gender-smart solutions work best whenapproachedholistically and adaptedtolocal contexts.Their design shouldbe informed by women’s perspectives andgrounded in an understanding of genderdynamics, prevailing barriers and norms. •There are many ways to increasewomen’s participation and make PWPsmore inclusive.Programs can broaden therange of work activities, adapt work schedules,ensure worksites are safe and accessible, andintegrate childcare services. Building supportfor women’s participation among men andcommunityelders can further strengthenacceptance and sustainability. •More evidence is needed to understandhowdifferent gender-smart designchoices perform across contexts and toassess their costs and benefits.Furtherresearchshould also explore how theunderlying issues such as gender social andcultural norms can best be addressed. Gender-Smart Design and Delivery Features in PWPs Womenworldwide face multiple gender-spe-cific barriers that prevent them from accessingincome-generatingactivities,including thoseprovided by PWPs.In the case of PWPs, an importantbarrier is the type of work offered. Certain activities offeredwithin PWPs can be physically demanding and poten‑tially unsuitable for some women, for example, diggingtrenches, felling trees, lifting and carrying heavy loads,and operating heavy machinery. At the same time, insome countries and regions, restrictive social and cultural norms might prevent women to work outside their homeor alongside men. Women might also face difficultiesreaching remote worksites and face risks of gender‑basedviolence (GBV).1In addition, women face disproportionatecare responsibilities at home and are thus less likely toparticipate in PWPs. PWPs can incorporate intentional, ‘gender-smart’designfeatures that enable more women toparticipate in and benefit from them.To enhance and setting, and different features can lead to differentoutcomes in different contexts. For example, deliveringpayments digitally to mobile money accounts held onmobile phones may allow women greater control overincome if they can independently access a device, but notnecessarily in contexts where they need to borrow themobile phone from someone else. Design and deliverychoices should, therefore, be based on a contextual assess‑ment that identifies gender gaps and barriers that mayaffect women’s ability to take part in and benefit from aprogram. Consultations with potential female participantsare especially important for understanding women’s needsand challenges.3 participation, programs can remove barriers that limitwomen’s access, such as the type and location of work,work schedules, or care responsibilities. At the same time,more can be done to ensure that women benefit fullyfrom their participation—through the income they earn,the assets and services created, and the skills acquired.Supportive features can be integrated across all key stagesof program design and implementation,2including theareas discussed in this note: outreach, targeting, selec‑tion of assets, types of work, training, working conditions,payments, gr