《流动性与发展期刊》，2025年冬季

Winter 2025 © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views ofThe World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the dataincluded in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, ordiscrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to usethe information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors,denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply anyjudgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others doesnot mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of theirworks. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon orwaiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes aslong as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution – Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2025. Mobility and DevelopmentPeriodical, Winter 2025. © World Bank. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to WorldBank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;fax:202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Mobility and Development Periodical Technical Editor – Asif Faiz | Series Editor – Jonathan Davidar | Design by RRD Table of Contents ForewordNicolas Peltier-Thiberge 02 01 The Path to Net Zero in theEuropeanUnion Ethiopia Road Infrastructure RenewalOpens Pathways to Progress 03 04 Mobility for Livable Small Island Cities:A Guide to a Car-Lite Future Tianjin City Moves from Car-Centric toPeople-First Mobility 06 05 Leveraging Traffic DemandManagement Strategies to TransformUrban Mobility inBogotá Machine Learning to Address theAmazon’s Infrastructure andConnectivity 07 08 Rivers of Change: ModernizingAssam’s Inland Waterways Transformational Impacts of Rurale-mobility in Bangladesh 09 10 Toward Efficient andLow-Emission Transport in China Rural Communities Drive RoadMaintenance through PROVIAL Bolivia 12 11 A Roadmap to Cleaner Vehicles andE-mobility in the Western Balkans How Bolivia Made Performance-Based Road Contracts Work 13 14 Lessons from Output and Performance-Based Contracts in Africa Proactive Road Asset Managementwith Brazil Pro-Roads Image Credits Nicolas Peltier-Thiberge,Global Director, TransportThe World Bank I am pleased to introduce this edition of our periodical, whichbrings together a rich set of perspectives on how transportsystems are evolving to meet the needs of people and economies.Thesecontributions reflect practical solutions and lessons learned fromdiverse contexts, offering insights that can inform our workglobally. This issue explores Ethiopia’s remarkable expansion of its road networkand the critical importance of sustaining these investments througheffective maintenance. It also examines innovative approaches to urbanmobility—from car-lite strategies for small island cities to Bogotá’sdemand management programs and Tianjin’s shift toward people-firstdesign. Technology-driven solutions feature prominently, including theuse of big data and machine learning to address connectivity challengesin theAmazon. Three timely contributions from Brazil, Bolivia, and Sub-Saharan Africaon experiences with output and performance-based road contracts,highlight the promise and challenge of this contracting modality.Thesecases underscore the need for robust institutional frameworksand adaptive strategies to ensure efficiency and long-term results. Finally, we spotlight human-centered innovations such as rurale-mobility in Bangladesh and community-based maintenance programsthat create jobs and strengthen local ownership. Together, these storiesremind us that progress depends not only on infrastructure but also ongovernance, technology, and partnerships that deliver lastingimpact. I invite you to engage with these insights and consider how they caninspire new ideas and collaborations in your own work. Ethiopia Road Infrastructure RenewalOpens Pathways to Progress About the Authors Getachew Yilma Debela Transport Specialist, World Bank Getachew Yilma Debela is a Transport Specialist, with the World Bankin Eastern and Southern