通过数字普惠金融政策支持老龄化人口：韩国的经验教训（英）2025

Supporting Aging Populations through Lessons from the Republic of Korea August 2025 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contribution. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. Nothing herein shall The reference citation for this report is as follows: Wook Sohn, Soohyang Lee, Eun-sup Sim, and Mingyo Jeong. 2025. Supporting Aging Populations through DigitalFinancial Inclusion Policies: Lessons from the Republic of Korea. Incheon, Seoul Center for Finance and Innovation, Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 USATelephone202-473-1000 |Fax202-522- 2625 |E-mailpubrights@worldbank.org |Internetwww.worldbank.org This report was produced by the Seoul Center for Finance and Innovation (SCFI) of the World Bank’s Finance,Competitiveness, and Investment (FCI) Global Department. It was authored by a team led by Soohyang Lee (FinancialSector Specialist, Task Team Leader, SCFI) and Wook Sohn (Professor, KDI School of Public Policy and Management),which included Eun-sup Sim (Director General, Electronic Finance Examination Department, Financial Supervisory Strategic guidance was provided by Francesco Strobbe (Practice Manager, FCI). The team gratefully acknowledgesthe peer reviewers—Fiona Elizabeth Stewart (Lead Economist), Richard Mark Davis (Senior Financial Sector Specialist),Sheirin Iravantchi (Senior Financial Sector Specialist), and Marius Vismantas (Lead Financial Sector Specialist)—whose The preparation of this report was made possible through the generous financial support of the Ministry of Economy The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily Acknowledgments 1.Introduction9 2.Population Aging and Digital Finance 2.1.Population Aging2.2.Digital Finance 3.Korea’s Digital Financial Inclusion Policies for the Elderly 3.1.Trend of Population Aging3.2.Development of Digital Finance3.3.Impact of Digital Financial Vulnerability in Korea3.4.Structure of Korea’s Financial Inclusion Policies for the Elderly3.5.Pathways for Addressing Digital Finance Limitations for the Elderly3.5.1.Addressing Financial Exclusion Caused by the Digital Divide in Access to and Use ofFinancial Services3.5.2.Enhancing Financial Education for Digitally Vulnerable Groups 4.Lessons and Policy Implications ReferencesAnnex 1Annex 2 Figures Tables ‹Table 2.1›Number (in Thousands) and Proportion of Population Ages 65 Years and Above by DevelopmentGroup, 2023 and 2025‹Table 2.2›Types of Daily Services by Age Group‹Table 3.1›Transition of Countries into Aging, Aged, and Super-Aged Classification‹Table 3.2›The Proliferation of Digital Economy and the Digital Transformation of Finance‹Table 3.3›Proportion of Service Handling by Financial Service Delivery Channels of Banks‹Table 3.4›The Digital Informatization Level of Vulnerable Groups‹Table 3.5›Digital Service Usage Rate of Vulnerable Groups as of 2022‹Table 3.6›Percentage of People Participating in Online Banking and Stock Trading, 2023‹Table 3.7›Status of Voice Phishing Financial Losses by Age Group‹Table 3.8›Changes in Financial Needs at Different Life Cycle Stages‹Table B3.3.1›Main Structure of the Guidelines (‘3 Categories, 13 Principles’)‹Table 4.1›Summary of Recommendations‹Table A1›Classification of Economies Based on Population Aging and Income Level‹Table A2›Classification of Economies Based on Digital Finance (Measured by Percent of Age 15+ WhoMade or Received a Digital Payment) and Income Level‹Table A3›Classification of Economies Based on Digital and Aging Level111418212223232426273346555657 The level of financial inclusion, which varies across and within countries, is marked by persistent gaps related to age,gender, rural-urban divides, and income levels. These disparities leave many individuals less resilient and confidentin managing their financial matters. A particularly underserved demographic group that has received comparatively This study aims to examine the Republic of Korea’s efforts to promote digital financial inclusion, focusing specificallyon digital financial literacy and consumer protection within the context of its aging population. By