随着人工智能开始产生影响，数以万计的白领工作正在消失

Tens of Thousands of White-Collar Jobs AreDisappearing as AI Starts to Bite 随着⼈⼯智能开始产⽣影响，数以万计的⽩领⼯作正在消失 Layoʂs at companies ranging from Amazon to Target are sending young andexperienced workers alike into unwelcoming market 从亚⻢逊到塔吉特等企业的裁员潮，正将年轻员⼯与资深员⼯⼀同推向冰冷就业市场 White-collar opportunities in America are becoming harder to find.MATT GENOVESE FOR WSJ 美国⽩领就业机会⽇趋减少。《华尔街⽇报》Matt Genovese报道 ByLindsay Ellis Follow,Owen Tucker-Smith Follow andAllison Pohle作者：林赛·埃利斯、欧⽂·塔克-史密斯与艾莉森·波尔Follow Oct. 28, 2025 9:00 pm ET2025年10⽉28⽇东部时间晚上9:00 The nation’s largest employers have a new message for office workers: help not wanted.美国最⼤雇主们向办公室职员传递了⼀个新信号：我们不再需要帮助。 Amazon.comsaid this week that itwould cut 14,000 corporate jobs, with plans to eliminate asmuch as 10% of its white-collar workforce eventually.United Parcel ServicesaidTuesday that it had reduced its management workforce byabout 14,000 positionsover the past22 months, days after the retailerTargetsaid itwould cut 1,800 corporate roles.UPS8.00% 亚马逊公司本周宣布将裁减1.4万个企业岗位，并计划最终削减⾼达10%的⽩领员⼯。联合包裹服务公司（UPS）周⼆表⽰过去22个⽉已削减约1.4万个管理岗位，此前零售商塔吉特刚宣布将裁撤1800个企业职位。 Earlier in October, white-collar workers from companies includingRivian Automotive,MolsonCoors,Booz Allen HamiltonandGeneral Motorsreceived pink slips—or learnedthat they would come soon. Added up, tens of thousands of newly laid offwhite-collar workersin America are entering a stagnant job market with seemingly no place for them.TAP-0.09% 10⽉初，包括Rivian Automotive、Molson Coors TAP-0.09%、博思艾伦咨询公司和通⽤汽车在内的企业⽩领员⼯陆续收到解聘通知——或得知裁员即将降临。数以万计新失业的美国⽩领正涌⼊⼀个⼏⽆容⾝之地的停滞就业市场。 At 5:30 a.m. on Tuesday,Kelly Williamsonwoke up to an alarming text from her employer,Amazon’s Whole Foods Market, urging her to check her email. 周⼆凌晨5:30，凯莉·威廉姆森被雇主亚马逊全⾷超市⼀条紧急短信惊醒，催促她查看邮箱。 “Review asap and stay home from work today,” the message said. Williamson’s role on theasset-protection team was being eliminated. The badge and laptop for the 55-year-old fromAustin, Texas, were deactivated. She was given 90 days to look for another job at the company.She said her personal belongings are being mailed to her. "⽴即查阅邮件，今⽇⽆须到岗。"消息写道。这位奥斯汀55岁资产保护团队成员的职位已被撤销，她的⼯牌和笔记本电脑权限随即失效。公司给予她90天内部转岗期限，并表⽰私⼈物品将邮寄归还。 Amazon sent messages to Whole Foods Market employees, instructing them to check their emails ‘about yourrole.’ 亚⻢逊向全⻝超市员⼯群发信息，要求他们查看"关于您职位"的邮件。 A leaner new normal for employment in the U.S. is emerging. Large employers are retrenching,makingdeep cuts to white-collar positionsand leaving fewer opportunities for experiencedand new workers who had counted on well-paying office work to support families and fundretirements. Nearly two million people in the U.S. have been without a job for 27 weeks ormore, according to recent federal data. 美国就业市场正迎来精简化的新常态。⼤型雇主纷纷缩减规模，⼤幅裁撤⽩领岗位，使那些曾指望⽤⾼薪办公室⼯作养家糊⼜和储备养⽼⾦的资深从业者及职场新⼈机会锐减。最新联邦数据显⽰，全美已有近两百万⼈持续失业27周或更长时间。 Behind the wave of white-collar layoffs, in part, is theembrace by companies of artificialintelligence, which executives hope can handle more of the work that well-compensated white-collar workers have been doing. Investors have pushed the C-suite to work more efficientlywith fewer employees. Factors driving slower hiring include political uncertainty and highercosts. 这股⽩领裁员潮的背后，部分源于企业对⼈⼯智能的拥抱——⾼管们希望AI能承担更多原本由⾼薪⽩领完成的⼯作。投资者正推动企业管理层以更少员⼯实现更⾼效率。政治不确定性和成本上升等因素也延缓了招聘节奏。 Altogether, these factors are remaking what office work looks like in the U.S., leaving themanagers that remain withmore workers to superviseand less time to meet with them, whilesaddling the employees fortunate enough to have jobs with heavier workloads. 这些因素共同重塑着美国办公室⼯作的⾯貌：留任的管理者需要督导更多下属却⽆暇⾯谈，⽽保住职位的幸运员⼯则背负着更沉重的⼯作量。 The cascade of restructurings has created a precarious feeling for managers and staffalike. Itis also tightening the options for those who are looking for employment. Around 20% ofAmericanssurveyed by WSJ-NORCthis year said they were very or extremely confident thatthey couldfind a good job if they wanted to, lower than in past years. 这⼀连串的重组让管理层和普通员⼯都感到岌岌可危，同时也压缩了求职者的选择空间。今年《华尔街⽇报》与NORC联合开展的调查显⽰，约20%的美国⼈表⽰对⾃⼰能找到理想⼯作"⾮常有信⼼"或"极度有信⼼"，这⼀⽐例低于往年⽔平。 Meanwhile, opportunities for front-line, blue-collar or specialized workers are growing.Companies describe shortages of trade, healthcare, hospitality and construction employees,while pausing hiring for consultants and managers, laying offstaffin retail andfinance, anddeploying AI to do work in accounting and fraud monitoring. 与此同时，⼀线蓝领和技术岗位的就业机会正在增加。企业普遍反映贸易、医疗护理、酒店服务和建筑⾏业⽤⼯短缺，却暂停了顾问和管理岗的招聘，削减零售与⾦融部门⼈员，并启⽤⼈⼯智能处理会计和欺诈监测⼯作。 “The system just feels like it’s messed up,” saidChris Reed, 33, who was laid offa year ago fromhis job in technology sales, hisfield of more than a decade. "整个体系感觉完全乱套了，"33岁的克⾥斯·⾥德说道。⼀年前，从事技术销售⼯作⼗余年的他遭遇裁员。 Reed, in New Braunfels, Texas, recently took a job selling Toyotas after spending 10 monthslooking for work. Reed supports his three children, ages 10, 8 and 6, and his wife, a stay-at-home mom and student. “In tech, I’m qualified, I have the experience,” Reed said. “I didn’t ge