中国氢能行业2025：平衡增长与挑战

Sino-German Energy Partnership Imprint The report is published in the framework of the Sino-German Energy Partnership between the German Federal Ministry forEconomic Affairs and Energy (BMWE), the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National EnergyAdministration (NEA) of China. As the central dialogue platform on energy between two countries, the main objective of thepartnership is to foster and advance the far-reaching and profound energy transitions ongoing in both countries by exchanging Commissioned and published by Authors Vincent FremeryYin Yuxia Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit(GIZ) GmbH Technical Support and Coordination Project Simon Goess Bilateral Energy Partnerships in Developing and Emerging GIZ is responsible for the content of this publication.On behalf of the Contact Sino-German Energy Partnership OfficeTayuan Diplomatic Office Building 2-5, 14 Liangmahe As at2025.08 Design Email: energy-china@giz.deWebsite: www.energypartnership.cnwww.giz.de/china Zhuochaung Co. ltd, Beijing/Han Yun Photo credits Cover/BMWE This report in its entirety is protected by copyright. The information contained was compiled to the best of our knowledgeand belief in accordance with the principles of good scientific practice. The authors believe the information in this reportis correct, complete and current, but accept no liability for any errors, explicit or implicit. Responsibility for the content of On behalf of: Table of Contents 2.1.Hydrogen value chain: Production and application, transport and storage............................................................................................62.2.Stakeholders............................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 3.Policy and regulatory framework.......................................................................................................................................12 3.1.National hydrogen strategy..........................................................................................................................................................................................123.2.Local strategies...................................................................................................................................................................................................................133.3.Financial incentives..........................................................................................................................................................................................................15 4.Renewable hydrogen...........................................................................................................................................................22 Appendix A: Extended stakeholders..................................................................................................................................................................................36Appendix B: City cluster subsidy evaluation system.................................................................................................................................................50Appendix C: List of national standards............................................................................................................................................................................52 Abbreviations MoTMinistry of Transport (China)NDRCNational Development and Reform Commission(China)NEANational Energy Administration (China)PVPhotovoltaicPEMProton Exchange Membrane (WaterElectrolysis)R&DResearch and DevelopmentSAFSustainable Aviation Fuel ALKAlkaline (Water Electrolysis)AEMAnion Exchange MembraneCAPEXCapital ExpenditureCBAMCarbon Border Adjustment MechanismCCUSCarbon Capture, Utilisation, and StorageCASCChina Aerospace Science and TechnologyCAPIDChina Association for the Promotion of IndustrialDevelopmentCECChina Electricity CouncilCERSChina Energy Research SocietyCHAChina Hydrogen AllianceCNISChina National Institute of StandardisationCNPCChina National Petroleum CorporationCQCChina Quality CentreCSSCChina State Shipbuilding CorporationCNYChinese YuanDMFCDirect Methanol Fuel CellEUREuroEUEuropean UnionFYPFive Year PlanFCSFuel Cell Stack Executive Summary •As of the end of 2024, China’shydrogen productioncapacity stood at 50 Mt per year. Actual production stood at 37 Mt,primarily deriving from coal (21 Mt) and natural gas (8 Mt), while electrolysis contributed 0.5 Mt. The chemical sector •Hydrogentransport and storageare primarily reliant on road transportation using high-pressure gas cylinders. Alternativecarriers, such as liquid hydrogen and LOHCs, remain in the demonstration phase. Hydrogen pipeline infrastructure is •The development of China’s hydrogen industry involvesm