《基于应用程序的工人最低工资条例》实施前西雅图配送网络公司司机的收入

Earnings of delivery network companydrivers in Seattle prior to App-Based By Ken Jacobs This paper uses data from January 2022 to determine the earnings of deliverynetwork company (DNC) drivers in Seattle prior to implementation of the city’sApp-Based Worker Minimum Payment Ordinance,1and to calculate what their The data To carry out this analysis we use data from Gridwise, a free third-party appdrivers use to track their trips, hours, and earnings across platforms. The datacover four delivery services: DoorDash, Grubhub, Instacart, and Uber Eats. Foreach trip and work shift, the app tracks work time and miles driven, as well asearnings, tips, bonuses, and incentives. The data cover the two-week periodfrom January 10 through January 24, 2022. We restrict our dataset to Seattle Driver earnings Wefirstcalculategross hourly earnings. For each shift, we include all earnings (base pay,bonuses, and incentives) and divide this amount by the length of the entire shift, includinganywaitingtimebetweengigs.Tips,averaging$11.20perhour,makeupasignificantshareof deliver driver earnings: gross hourly earnings for DNC drivers in Seattle in January 2022 To calculatenet hourly earnings, we need to determine driver expenses. For this calculationwe include all miles driven during the shift, including miles driven between gigs (for instance,when returning to a downtown area to await the next order). We use the January 2022 InternalRevenue Service standard mileage rate of 58.5 cents per mile. After subtracting hourly expensesfromhourlygrossincome,wefindaveragehourlynetearningsof$3.55withouttipsand$14.75 Finally, we calculate theemployee-equivalent hourly wagesof DNC drivers in Seattle. Gigcompanies treat their employees as independent contractors. The gig companies thereforedo not pay for the employer portion of Social Security, Medicare, or unemployment insurancecontributionsfortheirdrivers.Nordoindependentcontractorsreceivestate-mandatedbenefitssuchasrestbreaksandpaidsicktime.InSeattle,thevalueofthesetaxesandbenefitsiscalculated to be 12% of earnings.3To do an apples-to-apples comparison of Seattle DNC driverearnings to what their earnings would be as W-2 employees, we calculate their net wages on In January 2022, Seattle’s minimum wage was $17.27. In Washington State tips do not counttoward the minimum wage. 3Ourpreviousresearch(Jacobsetal.2024)foundthevalueofthesetaxesandbenefitstobe13.55% of earnings (see page 24). However, here we are using 12%, the value established by the CityofSeattleintheirApp-BasedWorkerMinimumPaymentOrdinance(theycallthisvaluethe“associatedcost factor;” see the ordinance athttps://library.municode.com/wa/seattle/codes/municipal_code?no-deId=TIT8LAST_CH8.37ASEWOMIPA). The City’s calculation does not include the value of paid rest What driver earnings would have been under the SeattleApp-Based Worker Minimum Payment Ordinance Seattle’sgigworkerordinancewaspassedonMay31,2022,andwentintoeffectonJanuary13,2024. In this section we use the Gridwise data to calculate what the DNC drivers’ hourly earnings Seattle’s App-Based Worker Payment Ordinance uses per-minute and per-mile rates to calculatedriver pay.4Using the formulas in the ordinance, the per-minute rate in January 2022 wouldhave been 38 cents and the per-mile rate would have been 64 cents. In Seattle’s ordinance, these •P1: the time during which a driver is awaiting a delivery request or is returning from anoutlyingareaafterdroppingoffadelivery. •P2: the time spent driving to pick up a delivery after it has been ordered. •P3:thetimebetweenwhenthedriverpicksupanddropsoffthedelivery. To calculate average hourly earnings, we need to prorate the compensated P23 per-minute andper-mile rates across drivers’ entire shifts: P1-3. With the Gridwise data, we are able to make The following table provides the steps for calculating what DNC drivers’ average hourly earningsfor their entire shifts (P1-3) would have been under Seattle’s gig worker ordinance, had it been5 Table 3. What Seattle DNC drivers’ average hourly earnings would have been underthe App-Based Worker Minimum Payment Ordinance, January 2022 We estimate that, had the Seattle App-Based Worker Minimum Payment Ordinance been inplace in January 2022, it would have increased average drivers’ hourly employee-equivalentearnings from$3.17 to $12.08, an increase of $8.17. Even so, it still would have been below the UC Berkeley Labor Center University of California, Berkeley2521 Channing WayBerkeley, CA 94720-5555 The Center for Labor Research and Education (Labor Center)is a public service project of the UC Berkeley Institute forResearch on Labor and Employment that links academic About the author Ken Jacobs is a senior policy advisor at the UC Berkeley Labor Center. Suggested citation Jacobs,Ken.“EarningsofdeliverynetworkcompanydriversinSeattlepriortoApp-BasedWorker Minimum Payment Ordinance.” UC Berkeley Labor Center. December 2025.https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/earnings-of-d