韩国2025能源政策审查（英）2025

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policiesthat will enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its32Member countries,13Associationcountries andbeyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over anyterritory, to the delimitationof international frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Table of contents Executive summary............................................................................................4Energy policy landscape .................................................................................10Climate and energy strategy ...........................................................................11End-use sectors ..............................................................................................20Electricity.........................................................................................................30Fuels ...............................................................................................................41Recommendations ..........................................................................................45Focus areas.......................................................................................................49Hydrogen in Korea’s energy transition............................................................49Recommendations ..........................................................................................58Energy storage technologies ..........................................................................60Recommendations ..........................................................................................68Annexes.............................................................................................................69 Executive summary The energy crises resulting from the global Covid-19 pandemic and the RussianFederation’sinvasion of Ukraine propelled carbon neutrality and energysecurity to the forefront of Korea’s energy policy.Despite robust growth in grossdomestic product (GDP), Korea has managed to stabilise and reduce its greenhousegas (GHG) emissions in recent years following a peak around 2018. Nonetheless, itfaces challenges in fully decoupling emissions from economic growth. Notable amongthese challenges is the continued reliance on coal and the need for further expandingrenewable energy technologies. Addressing Korea’s challenges will require sustained policy efforts, domesticandinternational co-operation,and technological innovation.In 2021,theFramework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis(CarbonNeutrality Act)enshrined the country’s 2050 net zero target into lawalongside interim 2030 GHG reduction targets and sector-specific measures. APresidential Commission on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth acts as a climatepolicy council, advises the government on targets and policies, and reviews progresson mitigation and adaptation each year. In 2022, the government placed an emphasison energy security and announced the introduction of nuclear power and other low-carbon energy sources. In 2025, a new organisation, the Ministry of Climate, Energyand Environment, was established underscoring the government’s commitment to arenewable energy–centred transition and comprehensive decarbonisation across allsectors. Korea sets out many of its climate and energy policy objectives in strategicplans, which are updated on a cyclical basis.As much of Korea’s climate andenergy policy is set out in these non-binding plans, it may be vulnerable to political changes. Mindful of this, and in acknowledgement of the multi-agency nature ofKorea’s energy goals and the cross-cutting nature of many policies, the governmentshould look at ways to strengthen internal co-ordination. The establishment of theMinistry of Climate, Energy and Environment (MCEE) in October 2025 is expected tostrengthen the overall coherence of climate and energy policies. The MCEE assumedmost energy functions from the former Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy(MOTIE).MCEE is today responsible for climate,electricity,grid,and energytransitionpo