生产能力测量的统计指南

Statistical Guidelines forMeasuring Productive Capacities U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T Statistical Guidelines forMeasuring Productive Capacities © 2025, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the CopyrightClearance Center atcopyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail:publications@un.orgWebsite:https://shop.un.org/ The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ISBN: 978-92-1-159793-6eISBN: 978-92-1-154606-4Sales No. E.25.II.D.49 Acknowledgements This report,Statistical Guidelines for Measuring Productive Capacities, was prepared, under theoverall guidance of Paul Akiwumi, Director, Division for Africa, Least Developed Countries andSpecial Programmes of UNCTAD, by a team led by Mussie Delelegn Arega and including RachidBouhia. Stefanie Garry and Lisa Borgatti contributed valuable comments and suggestions. AnuPeltola, Director, and Benny Salo and Petra Kynclova of the of the Statistics Service of UNCTADprovided valuable comments and suggestions. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Emmanuel Milet. UNCTAD further extends Appreciation is also extended to the members of the UNCTAD statisticaland technical advisory group, who provided peer review of the guidelines at the group’s secondmeeting on 15 January 2025, and to the anonymous reviewers from the national statistical officesof Benin and France. Cover design and desktop publishing were undertaken by the UNCTAD Communication andExternal Relations Section. Table of contents I. Executive Summary.........................................................................1 a. Definition.....................................................................................................5b. The historical role of productive capacities andthe resurgence of the concept....................................................................6 2. Why and how was PCI developed?......................................................8 a. Measuring and benchmarking productive capacities..................................8b. Desired attributes for the PCI and methodological challenges...................8 III. Conceptual framework for productive capacities.........................11 1. Productive resources..........................................................................142. Entrepreneurial capabilities................................................................163. Production linkages............................................................................18 IV. From concept to measurement: Productive capacity categoriesand input indicators.....................................................................21 1. Category Human Capital....................................................................242. Category Natural Capital....................................................................253. Category Energy.................................................................................264. Category Transport.............................................................................285. Category Information and Communication Technology (ICT).............296. Category Institutions..........................................................................307. Category Private sector.....................................................................318. Category Structural change..............................................................32 V. Statistical methodology and compilation process........................35 1. Step 1: Reading Data.........................................................................382. Steps 2-4: Dealing with missing data.................................................38a. Step 2: Data interpolation.........................................................................39b. Step 3: Extrapolation................................................................................40c. Step 4: Data imputation............................................................................423. Step 5: Data transformation...............................................................434. Step 6: Principal Component Ana