基于经合组织外国直接投资基准定义的外国直接投资统计用户指南（第五版）

Disclaimers Thiswork is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employedherein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data andmap included herein, are without prejudice tothe status of or sovereignty over any territory, to thedelimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representingboth Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Untilalasting andequitable solution is found within the context of the UnitedNations, Türkiye shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the EuropeanUnion Member States of the OECD and the EuropeanUnionThe Republic of Cyprus isrecognised by all members of the UnitedNations with the exception of Türkiye. The information in this documentrelates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Photo credits:©pinkomelet. ©OECD2025 Attribution4.0 International (CCBY4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employedin this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party andfor any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work. Table of contents Users’ guide to FDI statistics based on the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of ForeignDirect Investment (5th edition) What is FDI? What do FDI statistics measure?6Which measure of FDI should I use?7Who are my country’s most important investment partners?10What is the purpose of the investment? Is it to establish a newenterprise, to expand capacity atan existing enterprise, to acquire existing assets, or to restructure their existing operations?14What industries are attracting most FDI in my country?16How much of the FDI coming into my country remains here and howmuch flows through toother countries?18How does FDI to and from my country compare to other countries?19What are the links between FDI statistics and other macroeconomic statistics?21How do official FDI statistics compare to commercial databases that provide information oncross-border investment?24What are the other changes introduced into BD5?25Conclusions26 References27 28 Notes FIGURES Figure1. Key FDI relationships7Figure2. InwardfinancialtransactionsforOECDcountriesbyinstrument,2020-20248Figure3. Inward FDI stocks by immediate and ultimate investor11Figure4. Share of round-tripping in total inward FDI positions, 202312Figure5. Reallocating US outward positions from immediate to ultimate host economy13Figure6. Reallocating German outward FDI from immediate to ultimate host economy, 202314Figure7. Austria’s breakdown of financial transactions by type, 202315Figure8. Japan’s breakdown of financial transactions by type, 2012-202416Figure9. DistributionofinwardFDIpositionsacrossthreesectors,202318Figure10. Share of inward FDI positions accounted for by resident SPEs, 202419Figure11. FDI positions as a share of GDP, 202420Figure12. Rate of return on inward and outward FDI, 202321Figure13. Educationalattainment for FDI firms and Irish firms, 201623 TABLES Table1. InwardFDIpositionsbyindustryforselectedcountries,202317Table2. Canadian AMNE/FATS, 202222Table3. Exports of goods by firm ownership for selected countries, 202323Table4. Official GI and EC transactions versus commercial greenfield investment databases24Table5.Official M&A transactions versus commercial M&A databases25 Users’ guide to FDI statisticsbased onthe OECD’s Benchmark Definition ofForeign Direct Investment(5th edition) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the principal ways through which economies integrate into theglobal economy. FDI isnot only an important channel for exchanging capital across countries; it alsofacilitates the exchange of goods, servic