经合组织外国直接投资监管限制指数：方法框架

Methodological framework © OECD2024. This work is published under the responsibility of theSecretary-General of the OECD.The opinions expressed and argumentsemployed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitationof international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Cover design: ©Olivier Le Moal/ Shutterstock OR Getty Images Attribution4.0 International (CCBY4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to bebound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of anydiscrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD.The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views oftheOECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible forobtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA)Arbitration Rules2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgements The updated methodological framework of the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index was preparedby Fernando Misturaunder the overall guidance of Stephen Thomsen, former Deputy Head of the OECDInvestment Division, with supportfromLaura Kuusela and Clemente Rojas Giacobbe.Initial support forregulatory data collection was provided by Gustavo Ribeiro De Macedo.Lucinda Pearson providedpublication and communication support, and Angèle N’Zinga provided administrative assistance. The workwas supervised by Ana Novik, Head of the OECD Investment Division, and Martin Wermelinger, DeputyHeadof the OECD Investment Division and Head of the Sustainable Investment Unit.The newmethodologywas approved by the OECD Investment Committeein February 2022followingextensivediscussions held onseveral occasions: the OECD Freedom of Investment Roundtable on 30 March 2021,a webinar with investment and trade policy experts titled “Barriers to Entry and Operation of Foreign DirectInvestors: Revising the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index” on 18 June 2021, and the InvestmentCommitteemeeting on 3 November 2021.The OECD gratefully acknowledges the invaluablecontributions, insights, and feedback provided by delegates, participants, and reviewers, including thosefrom the OECD Investment and Trade Committees, the OECD Economics Department, the Trade andAgriculture Directorate,academia, and the private sector. Special thanks are extended to the Governmentof Australia for their financial support in making this work possible. OECD FDI RegulatoryRestrictiveness Index:Methodologicalframework Introduction First created in2003and last revised in 2022, the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index (hereafterFDIRRI)measuresstatutoryrestrictionstargetingforeign direct investment (FDI) across countries and overtime.Itis, therefore,auseful indicatorforbenchmarkingmarket access and otherbarriers to FDIand formonitoringand showcasingFDIpolicy reform efforts.Asapolicy-based indicator, the FDIRRIcan also beused toempirically assessand simulatethepotentialimpacts of FDI regulatory reforms. Thecurrent FDIRRIcaptures restrictions in 22 economic sectors andacross four policycategories:(i)foreign equity limits;(ii)screening and approval of foreign investment;(iii)restrictions on key foreignpersonnel; and(iv)otheroperationalrestrictions.Individual policy measures areevaluated on a0 (fullyopen to FDI) to 1 (fully closed)scaleaccording tothe FDIRRIscoring framework. Sectoral scores resultfromthe sum ofthescores across all fourpolicycategories, capped at 1.The economy-wideFDIRRIissimplytheweighted average of all 22 sectoral scores, usingcommon sector weights across countries toensure that any variance in scoresisdue to policy differences, notdifferences in sectoralweights(seeAnnex Afor detailed information on the sectors covered and their weights). Statutory discrimination against foreign investorsis, in most situations,themaincriterion for consideringthatmeasure constitutesa restriction under the FDIRRI.Anynon