关于保护婴儿免受呼吸道合胞病毒病侵害的欧洲2025/26冬季快速科学建议

Rapid scientific advice on protectinginfantsagainstrespiratory syncytial virusdiseasefor November2025 Key messages The 2025/26 season for respiratory diseasesisstartingin Europe, marked by increased detections of respiratorysyncytial virus (RSV) in several countries and rising rates of influenza-like illness infections in primary caresettings.In the coming weeks and months, groups whoarevulnerable tosevere illness fromrespiratory diseases,particularly infants,are at risk ofinfection. This documentoutlineseffective waysforEuropean Union and RSVamong infantsin the EU/EEA •RSV is a common respiratory virus which disproportionally affects newborns and infants,withinfantsunder sixmonths of agebeingat high risk of experiencing severe infections.•Severe RSV illness,especiallyamong babies born prematurely or with chronic lung disease, can result inbronchiolitis or pneumonia requiring hospitalisation,and on rare occasionscanlead to death. Immunisation interventionsto protect infants from RSVdisease •Since 2022, the EU has authorisedsafe andeffective RSV immunisation productsto prevent RSV disease ininfants.These includelong-acting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for infants and maternal vaccines for pregnantpeople.•Twenty-threeEU/EEA countries recommend RSV immunisationand19 have fundedlong-actingmAbs ECDC adviceto strengthen RSV prevention interventions in EU/EEA countries Asthe2025/26 RSVseasonisstartingin Europe,ECDCrecommendsthe followinginterventionsto strengthen theprotection ofinfantsagainstRSVdisease: •Countries should raise awareness in the community and among healthcare providers about the riskof RSV toinfants, the risk factors for more severe disease in infants and children, and the availability of immunisation and •Countriesmaking decisionsonwhether to implementRSV immunisation programmes canlearn from theexperience ofEU countrieswhich haveeffective infant RSVimmunisationprogrammes(long-actingmAbs,maternal vaccination, or a combination of both)alreadyin place.•Countrieswith implemented RSV programmesshould prepare, implement or strengthen systems to monitor theeffectiveness of immunisation programmes,usingsurveillance systemsandsystems thatlinkimmunisation data To support EU/EEA countries,ECDCwillcontinue toprovide surveillance guidance, assess emerging evidence,andmonitor theeffectiveness of RSV immunisation programmes. Background Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a common respiratory virus thatin most instancescauses mild, cold-likesymptoms. Infants under six months of ageare at riskofbeing hospitalised withsevere illnesswhichin rarecasescan leadto death.RSV canalsoworsen existing medical conditions and cause serious complications thatcan be life-threateningin children and adults with underlying conditions and in older individualssuch as those As of early November2025,surveillance data indicateanincreaseinRSVdetectionsfrom baseline levelsin someEU/EEA countries, particularlyamongchildren underfiveyears of age.At this stage, RSV hospitalisations remainlow.However,based on previous seasonal trends, RSV-related hospitalisations are expected to rise in the comingweeks.Thecurrentincreasein RSV case numbersis occurring in parallel withgraduallyrisingseasonalinfluenza In the last two years,the EuropeanCommissionhasapprovedimmunisation products to prevent RSV in bothinfants and adults. In 2022,the first RSV long-acting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) product to protect infantsduring their first RSV seasonwas authorised,and in 2023,anRSV vaccine was authorised for pregnantpeopleto As RSV starts to be detected at increasing levels in the EU,this documentaimstosupport countries inhaltingtheexpected disease impact in infants by: •Assessing the current epidemiological situation and expected impact in infants based onavailablehistoricalsurveillanceanddisease burdendatato enablehealthcare systems preparedness.•Providinginformationon theuse oflong-actingmonoclonal antibodies in infants andimmunisationofpregnant Methods The information provided in this report is based on: •Data reported toECDCviaEpiPulse-the Europeansurveillanceportal for infectious diseases.•Evidence from peer-reviewedpublicationsandgrey literature.•Information on RSV immunisation recommendations and implementation collectedin October 2025by ECDCvia RSVepidemiology in infants and children in RSV seasonalityin the EU/EEA Before the COVID-19 pandemic, RSV activity (based ontheproportion of positive tests amonginfluenza-likeillness/ acute respiratory infections (ILI/ARI)patients swabbed in primary caresurveillancesites) wascharacterised by regular epidemics between October and April, with peak activity observed between weeks 49-1(Figure 1, also[2]). In the EU/EEA, this seasonality was disrupted by the pandemic, with a stepwise year on yearreturn to pre-pandemic timing including for season onset and peak. Similar trends have been observed in Figure 1.Proportion of positive tests for RSV among swabbed patients presenting with ILI/ARI to