如何利用成本分配实现快速、经济、公平的电气化

How to LeverageCost Allocationto Enable Rapidand AffordableElectrificationFor All Emerging Case Studies fromDistribution Planning Practices Authors and Acknowledgments Authors Jacob BeckerJoseph DanielBecky LiRoberto Zanchi Authors listed alphabetically. All authors are from RMI. Contacts Jacob Becker,jbecker@rmi.orgJoe Daniel,jdaniel@rmi.org Copyrights and Citation Jacob Becker, Becky Li, Roberto Zanchi, and Joseph Daniel,How to Leverage Cost Allocation to EnableRapid and Affordable Electrification For All: Emerging Case Studies from Distribution Planning Practices, RMI,2025,https://rmi.org/insight/how-to-leverage-cost-allocation-to-enable-rapid-and-affordable-electrification-for-all-emerging-case-studies-from-distribution-planning-practices. RMI values collaboration and aims to accelerate the energy transition through sharing knowledge andinsights. We therefore allow interested parties to reference, share, and cite our work through the CreativeCommons CC BY-SA 4.0 license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. All images used are from iStock.com unless otherwise noted. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the following experts for their feedback and contributions to thisreport. Any errors or omissions are the sole responsibility of the authors, and the views expressed in thisreport do not necessarily reflect those of the individuals or organizations acknowledged. •Cara Goldenberg (RMI)•Diego Angel Hakim (RMI)•Schuyler Matteson (New York Department ofPublic Service)•Ron Nelson (Current Energy Group)•Guillermo Pereira (Berkeley Lab)•Grace Relf (Berkeley Lab) •Ben Shapiro (RMI)•Hanna Terwilliger (Minnesota Public UtilitiesCommission)•Gennelle Wilson (RMI)•Brett Webster (RMI)•Michael Zimmerman (Environmental Defense Fund) About RMI Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is an independent, nonpartisan nonprofit founded in 1982 that transformsglobal energy systems through market-driven solutions to secure a prosperous, resilient, clean energyfuture for all. In collaboration with businesses, policymakers, funders, communities, and other partners,RMI drives investment to scale clean energy solutions, reduce energy waste, and boost access toaffordable clean energy in ways that enhance security, strengthen the economy, and improve people’slivelihoods. RMI is active in over 50 countries. Table of Contents Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Introduction: Why Cost Allocation and Why Now?. . . . . . . . . . .7 Overview of National Landscape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Cost allocation in the context of proactive investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Evolving principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Cross-subsidization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Spectrum of options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 State-by-State Overview of Regulatory Practices.......... .16 Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 What’s Ahead................................. .24 Early insights from the case studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Looking ahead: What does a successful cost-allocation framework look like?. . . . . . .25Risk-mitigation mechanisms: What else can regulators consider if cost-allocationoptions are limited?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Recommendations for states developing cost-allocation frameworks. . . . . . . . . . . .27 Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Executive Summary Electrification of buildings and transportation, alongside rapid growth in distributed energy resources(DERs), is reshaping where and how power is consumed. To keep pace, utilities must make timelydistribution investments so that grids are ready to support new loads when they come online. Emergingevidence shows that strategic, proactive upgrades, further in advance than traditionally done, can producenet savings within a decade. A major challenge for regulators is not only considering when and where theseinvestments are needed, but also how their costs should be fairly allocated across the customer base inways that maintain affordability. When applied to proactive investments, traditional cost-allocation methods risk leaving customersstranded with underutilized assets or saddling those least able to pay with disproportionate costs. Donepoorly, cost allocation for proactive investments can slow electrification, exacerbate energy burdens, andreduce trust in regulatory ove