电信公司和虚拟发电厂：绿色能源，绿色利润

Green energy, green profit The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments and societalchange. Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the mobileecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobileoperator data, analysis and forecasts, and publisher ofauthoritative industry reports and research. Our data coversevery operator group, network and MVNO in every countryworldwide – from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It is the most GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-partyindustry players, to support strategic decision-makingand long-term investment planning. The data is used as We invite you to find out more atgsma.com Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry topics. Follow the GSMA:@GSMA gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com This report was authored by GSMA Intelligencewith support from Huawei. Published February 2024 Authors Tim Hatt,Head of Research and ConsultingShiv Prashant Putcha,Director, ConsultingEmanuel Kolta,Lead Analyst, Network Sustainability Contents Executive summary 1Energy trends and technologies in 2024A core public policy imperativeEnergy production and carbon reductions 2Defining virtual power plants and how they work A potential win–winDefining a virtual power plant 3Impact on P&L Cost savings11Revenue12Overall impact12 4OutlookGo-to-market considerationsThe growing imperative to change 15 Executive Driving the use of renewables It is increasingly important that investment is madein transmission networks and overall managementof the grid, with a view to balancing energy acrossthe whole network. To achieve this, increased powergeneration has to easily flow into the power gridthrough new access mechanisms; otherwise, there An emerging area of focus for net zero is energyproduction and its supply to the power grid. A keystrategy has been to boost the production and Several countries have espoused and draftedpolicies to increase the use of renewables. Notableamong these is the European Union (EU), whichfurther accelerated its already ambitious targetsfor renewables following the outbreak of the war inUkraine. The conflict has disrupted the energy supply Revenue comes from providing flexible ancillaryservices to the grid or reverse-selling excess power tothe grid through cell-site energy storage. This relieson having a trading platform in place along with otherupgrades. The uplift is potentially significant. Forexample, a mobile network with 10,000 sites, each With virtual power plants (VPPs), mobile networkoperators can leverage existing base station batteries– normally used as a source of backup power – to •Energy purchasing and distribution –Purchasingand distribution works by using AI to determine asite’s power status. Operators can take advantage ofthe peaks and troughs of electricity prices to purchaseat off-peak rates, such as in the early morning. Theycan also use energy storage to discharge electricity Finish operator Elisa trialled a VPP solution in 2022 andreports an interesting set of results. The trial involved200 sites, or 10% of its network footprint. According toits calculations, cost savings averaged around €5,000per site per month, with (new) revenue of €44,000per site per month. Applying similar ratios to otheroperators in Europe, the GCC and Asia gives a viewof the potential uplift. If we take only the impact ofcost savings, assuming an operator designated 75% •Load balancing –Load balancing involvesleveraging stored energy (such as at a base stationor data centre) to participate in power-flexibleauxiliary services. These include power gridfrequency modulation, peak shaving, capacity VPPs are worthy of consideration for operators, inlarge part because they do not require significantcapital investment as they reuse existing infrastructure.Most of the upgrades are software-based to The net effect of these functions is more stable powercapacity for mobile networks and the national grid,and more efficient use of renewables overall. Foroperators, there is also a financial incentive in the form Meeting targets and building resilience There is significant movement on the policy front, asgovernments and regulators become increasinglyaware of the potential of VPPs. VPPs are crucial notonly in achieving their officially committed net-zero processes. This resilience can help mitigate the impactof extreme weather-related events, conflicts arisingfrom geopolitical issues, and security breaches. Inmany cases, regulators are learning on the go and Energy trends andtechnologies in 2024 A core public policy imperative Sustained growth in c