主权人工智能：从管理风险到加速增长

From managing risk to accelerating growth Authors Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East, Africa Global David Wood Mauro Macchi Kunal Shah CEO–Europe, Middle East and Africa(EMEA) Senior Managing Director–GlobalTechnology Consulting Lead, GlobalSovereign AI Lead Managing Director–Sovereign AILead–Middle East and Asia Pacific Mauro Capo Bryan Rich Senior Managing Director–Global AILead–Health, Public Services andDefense Digital Sovereignty Lead–Europe,Middle East and Africa (EMEA) Surya Mukherjee Senior Principal, Sovereign AI GlobalResearch Lead Artificial intelligence has moved beyond being atechnological marvel. It has become the foundation fornational competitiveness and business survival. Yet itsfoundations—models, computing power and data—areconcentrated in a few hands. In 2024, nearly 70% ofleading AI models originated in the United States andanother quarter in China1. The result is a level ofdependence for some countries that raises importantquestions about resilience, competitiveness and long-terminnovation. This path to risk mitigation and resilience alsoreveals a growth opportunity:Sovereign AI. The good news? Only one-third of an organization’s AIworkloads need to be sovereign. Working with a mix ofglobal and local providers leads to more opportunities forinnovation and growth. Introduction Sovereign AI refers to a country’sability to independently developand deploy AI by relying on its owninfrastructure, data, models andtalent. This enables a country tofoster innovation, drive economicgrowth and advance strategicgoals—while retaining full controlover the entire AI lifecycle. Sovereign AI is not about isolationism or everynation/company building the entire AI stack from scratch—very few can. It’s about interoperability on one’s own terms.The goal is to make technological choices that are flexible andsecure and create a fit-for-purpose AI stack that blends globaland local components, each governed by the right level ofoversight depending on the use case and national priorities. Sovereignty allows countries and enterprises to create and participatein new trusted AI ecosystems and build secure ways to share datawhile hedging against geopolitical risk and strengthening resilience. Itfuels local industry growth, fosters self-reliance and accelerates AI-ledeconomic expansion. In essence, sovereign AI turns strategicvulnerability into an engine for innovation, competitiveness andnation-building measured through GDP expansion. Introduction Ongoing geopolitical uncertainties are increasing concerns thatrelying heavily on a limited number of providers may introducevulnerabilities into supply chains, potentially affectinginnovation and national interests. Proprietary models mayembed cultural or regulatory biases misaligned with localnorms. Most critically, data and compute sovereignty determinewho capturesthe majority ofthe value from AI innovation. Fornations, it can define economic growth and increase controlover public infrastructure; for enterprises, it can acceleratecompetitive advantage and expand profit pools. As a result, signs of a rapidly expanding demand for sovereignAI are everywhere. Our survey of almost 2,000 business andgovernment leaders across 28 countries found that 61% are nowmore likely to seek sovereign technology solutions asgeopolitical risks rise and as the economic value associatedwith AI is abundantly clear (see Figure 1). Analysts offer differing estimates of the total opportunity as themarket evolves and overlaps with adjacent sectors—butmomentum is clearly building. Oppenheimer’s Equity Researchfirm puts the potential sovereign AI infrastructure opportunityat $1.5 trillion, including $120 billion in Europe2. According toGartner®, “by 2027, 35% of countries will be locked into region-specific AI platforms using proprietary contextual data.”Additionally, by 2028, 65% of governments worldwide will addsome technological sovereignty rules to improve theirindependence and protect them from outside regulators3. The race to create sovereign solutions provides opportunities forboth global cloud providers and local suppliers to offer cloud-basedinfrastructure, data, cybersecurity and AI models. For companies, itcreates a trusted stack that incentivizes regional industry and cross-industry collaboration and data monetization. For nations,sovereign AI also presents an opportunity to empower people andsafeguard their rights, thereby enabling systems that reflect locallanguage, culture and values. It gives citizens recourse if algorithmsmisstep and allows local institutions to capture more of the value.The reality is that sovereign AI turns AI from something imposed onpeople into something builtforthem. No wonder that most nations globally are embedding sovereigntyinto their AI strategies. From Switzerland’s compliant cloud4and theEU’s AI Continent Action Plan, India’s Sovereign AI plan5, to therecent Saudi Arabia’s HUMAIN initiative6, the shift is unmistakable:Sovereign