快速推进电子商务和数字贸易改革的实施

2025 Fast-tracking implementation of reforms enabling e-commerce and digital trade © 2025, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the CopyrightClearance Centre atcopyright.com. All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail: publications@un.orgWebsite: https://shop.un.org The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerningthe legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has been edited externally. Acknowledgements The present report was prepared by Alessandro Vitale and Iris Macculi, under the overall guidanceof Martine Julsaint Kidane and Cécile Barayre, of the Division on Technology and Logistics ofthe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). It is the fourth report ofa series conducted by the E-commerce and Digital Economy Branch of UNCTAD, through theeTrade Implementation Support Mechanism. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the valuable efforts of the network of eTrade focal points inmobilizing stakeholders and collecting data for the present report. From Africa: Kouakou CharlesYao (Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Côte d’Ivoire), Michael Wairoma (State Departmentfor Trade, Kenya), Fatsani Ngalande (Ministry of Trade and Industry, Malawi), Matchiane Bacar(Ministry of Digital Transformation, Innovation and Modernization of Administration, Mauritania),Ibrahim Tanda Bonkano (Ministry of Trade and Private Sector Promotion, the Niger), Jean PremierBienvenu Rukundo (Ministry of Trade and Industry, Rwanda), Fara Makha Diop (Ministry of Industryand Trade, Senegal), Rachid Darago (Ministry of Trade, Handicrafts and Local Consumption,Togo), Khabbab Hadhri (Ministry of Trade and Export Development, Tunisia), Chris Matsiko(Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives, Uganda), David Geofrey (Ministry of Industryand Trade, United Republic of Tanzania) and Eric Sichembe (Ministry of Commerce, Trade andIndustry, Zambia). From Asia: Md. Sayed Ali (Ministry of Commerce, Bangladesh), Chea Laichea(Ministry of Commerce, Cambodia), Fatema Shneekat (Ministry of Industry, Trade and Supply,Jordan), Enkhbold Vorshilov (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mongolia) and Lila Dhar Adhikari (Ministryof Industry, Commerce and Supplies, Nepal). From Latin America and the Caribbean: DarwinHerber Carrasco Rosas (Secretariat of Government and Digital Transformation, Peru). From thePacific: Karen Niumata (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour, Samoa), Richard Nokia(Ministry of Commerce, Industry, Labour and Immigration, Solomon Islands), Kathleen Walters(Ministry of Trade and Economic Development, Tonga), Falaoa Sione (Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Labour and Trade, Tuvalu) and Francisca Miller (Ministry of Trade and Commerce, Vanuatu). The support of the Permanent Missions in Geneva of the countries under review was instrumentalin coordinating and eliciting contributions from their respective capitals. Their engagementwas instrumental in ensuring the comprehensiveness of the report. UNCTAD also gratefullyacknowledges the representatives of regional organizations who participated in the review:Angelique Umulisa (East African Community secretariat), Kolawole Sofola (Commission of theEconomic Community of West African States) and Andrea Ibba (Pacific Islands Forum secretariat). The report also benefited from the inputs of eTrade for all partners, in particular the InternationalCivil Aviation Organization, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and theUniversal Postal Union. This publication was edited by Robert Blackwell. Desktop publishing and cover design wereprovided by Keel Chan. Administrative support was provided by Diana Quiros. UNCTAD expresses particular appreciation to the core donors to the UNCTAD E-commerceand Digital Economy Programme, namely Australia, Germany, the Kingdom of the Netherlands,Sweden and Switzerland, for their financial support. Foreword In an era in which digital transformation is fast reshaping the global economy, having the abilityto harness the potential of e-commerce and digital trade is essential for developing countries. The fourth eTrade Implementation Review provides a timely and comprehensive analysis of howpartner countries and regions are translating digital ambitions into specific action. Covering 23countries and three r