印度主要港口采用零排放卡车的政策框架

About RMI Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is an independent, nonpartisan nonprofit founded in 1982 that transformsglobal energy systems through market-driven solutions to secure a prosperous, resilient, clean energyfuture for all. In collaboration with businesses, policymakers, funders, communities, and other partners,RMI drives investment to scale clean energy solutions, reduce energy waste, and boost access to affordableclean energy in ways that enhance security, strengthen the economy, and improve people’s livelihoods.RMI is active in over 50 countries. Authors and Acknowledgements Authors Akshima GhatePranav LakhinaAvni MehtaVaibhav SabharwalSamhita Shiledar Authors are listed alphabetically. All authors from RMI unless otherwise noted. Contacts indiacomms@rmi.org Copyrights and Citation Pranav Lakhina et al.,Policy Framework for Zero-Emission Truck Adoption at Major Ports in India,RMI, 2025,https://rmi.org/insight/policy-framework-for-zero-emission-trucks-adoption-at-major-ports-in-india. RMI values collaboration and aims to accelerate the energy transition through sharing knowledge andinsights. We therefore allow interested parties to reference, share, and cite our work through the CreativeCommons CC BY-SA 4.0 license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. All images used are from iStock.com unless otherwise noted. Acknowledgement We extend our deepest gratitude to Shri R. Lakshmanan, joint secretary (Ports, PPP, CS, Sagarmala-I & IT),Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW); Shri Rajesh Asati, deputy secretary, MoPSW;Shri Vineep Singh, marine engineer, MoPSW; and Karan Sharma, senior manager, Sagarmala FinanceCorporation Limited for their invaluable guidance, timely reviews, and continuous support throughoutthis project. We are also grateful to Shri Vikas Narwal, managing director, Indian Ports Association(IPA); Capt. Arun Kumar, chief administrative officer, IPA; and Manisha Luthra, executive assistant —administration - IPA for their steady guidance and support. We would also like to express our sincere thanks to Shri Unmesh Sharad Wagh, chairman, JawaharlalNehru Port Authority (JNPA); Surash Babu, CGM (M&EE), JNPA; Milind Chimote, DGM (M&EE), JNPA;Anil Chopade, DGM (M&EE), JNPA; S.V. Kawathekar, DGM, JNPA; K D Vasudevan, senior manager — traffic,JNPA; and Yatin Kishorbhai Patel, general manager (CS&BD), Kamarajar Port Limited for their valuable guidance in understanding the nuances of truck operations at ports and their support in data collectionfor this report. We also gratefully acknowledge the valuable insights, experiences, and data shared byshared by industry stakeholders: Surja Sahu, JM Baxi; Meghana Shah, JM Baxi; Hitesh Lacchwani, DP WorldSubcontinent; Swatantra Bhati, DP World; Siddesh Rai, Transvolt; Ajay Pratap Singh, Switchlabs, AnishKumar, Switchlabs, Janardhana Rao, Bothra Group; and Girish Chandran, Adani Ports and SEZ. Contents Executive Summary6 1Introduction9 2Port Trucking Landscape11 21 Overview of Major Ports in India1122 Truck operations and movement patterns at Major Ports in India12 3Opportunity for ZET Deployment at Ports14 31 Existing ZET deployment and pilots1432 Future ZET deployment plans at Major Ports1733 Techno-economic assessment of ZETs at ports19 4Enabling Policy Measures That Can Accelerate ZET Deployment22 41 Strategic planning and market development2442 Fiscal and nonfiscal measures2643 Infrastructure development2944 Capacity building34 51 Near term (up to one year)3852 Medium term (greater than one year)38 Executive Summary The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) has introduced theHarit Sagar — Green PortGuidelines,1setting a target for 50% of port equipment and vehicles to be electric by 2030. Nearly 24,000trucks move goods within and beyond the boundaries of India’s 12 Major Ports.iAlmost all of these trucksrun on diesel fuel, contributing to rising pollution and operational costs. Building on the MoPSW’s targetsand goals, there is an urgent need to transition from diesel trucks across port operations to cleaneralternatives like zero-emission trucks (ZETs), including electric trucks (fixed or swappable batteries) andfuel cell electric trucks. ZETs can reduce emissions and operational costs for fleet operators. Recognising this opportunity, stakeholders have initiated early adoption of ZETs at a few Major Ports.Pilot projects and small-scale deployments are underway at Jawaharlal Nehru Port and Kamarajar Portfor intra- and inter-terminal movement, and at Visakhapatnam Port for short-distance port-to-hinterlandoperations. Key lessons from these pilots indicate that ZETs can perform equivalent to diesel trucks interms of payload capacity, one-to-one replacement of ZETs with diesel trucks is possible, and drivercomfort is significantly improved. The deployments also highlight the need to reduce electricity tariffsto fully capture ZET efficiency advantages. These initial deployments are helping build st