2025年离网应用中的锂离子电池系统

What is IEA PVPS TCP? The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organizationfor Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) was created witha belief that the future of energy security and sustainability starts with global collaboration. The programme is made up of6,000 experts across government, academia, and industry dedicated to advancing common research and the applicationof specific energy technologies. The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) is one of the TCP’s within the IEA and was established in1993. The mission of the programme is to “enhance the international collaborative efforts which facilitate the role ofphotovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy systems.” In order to achieve this, theProgramme’s participants have undertaken a variety of joint research projects in PV power systems applications. Theoverall programme is headed by an Executive Committee, comprised of one delegate from each country or organisationmember, which designates distinct ‘Tasks,’ that may be research projects or activity areas. The 27 IEA PVPS participating countries are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Thailand,Turkiye, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.The EuropeanCommission, Solar Power Europe and the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore are also members. Visit us at:www.iea-pvps.org What is IEA PVPSTask18? The objective of Task18of the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme isto find the technical issues and barrierswhich affect the planning, financing, design, construction and operations and maintenance of off-grid and edge-of-gridsystems, especially those which are common across nations, markets and system scale, and offersolutions, tools,guidelines and technical reports for free dissemination for those who might find benefit from them.The issues that will be focused on with regard to off-grid and edge-of-grid photovoltaic system will centre on: •Reliability: A system that has the ability to generate and distribute energy to meet the demands of those connectedwith a high degree of confidence•Resiliency: A system that can withstand or recover quickly from natural disasters, deliberate interference or accidents•Security: A system that is sustainability affordable and provides an uninterrupted supply of energy which adequatelymeets the associated demand. DISCLAIMER TheIEAPVPSTCPisorganisedundertheauspicesoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)butisfunctionallyandlegallyautonomous. Views,findings and publications of the IEA PVPS TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individualmembercountries COPYRIGHT STATEMENT Thiscontent may be freely used, copied and redistributed, providedappropriate credit is given(please refer to the ‘Suggested Citation’).The exception is that some licensed images may not becopied, as specified in the individual image captions. SUGGESTED CITATION Rosenfeld, S., Mhanna, J., Bopp, G., Müller, M., Trittler, S., Stortz, F., Geze, N., Martell,C., Ortiz, J., Rodden, P. (2025). Stortz, F. (Ed.),Li-Ion BatterySystems in Off-GridApplications(Report No. T18-04:2025). IEA PVPS Task 18. https://iea-pvps.org/key-topics/t18-li-ion-battery-systems-2025/ COVER PICTURE Installation of the „Daly-River Mini-Grid“ in Northern Territory of Australia.Photoprovided by Ekistika,Alice Springs. Li-Ion BatterySystems in Off-GridApplications IEA PVPSTask18Off-Grid and Edge-of-Grid Photovoltaic Systems Report IEA-PVPS T18-04:2025October-2025 ISBN:978-1-7642902-2-7DOI:https://doi.org/10.69766/ABPX4930 MainContent Simon Rosenfeld, Rolls Royce Solutions, GermanyJad Mhanna, Asantys, GermanyGeorg Bopp, Fraunhofer ISE, GermanyMichael Müller, OFRES, GermanyStefan Trittler,Asantys, GermanyFelix Stortz,Fraunhofer ISE, GermanyNicolas Geze, Rolls Royce Solutions, Germany Main Reviewers Chris Martell, GSES, AustraliaJorge Ortiz, TTA, SpainPaul Rodden, Ekistica, AustraliaFlemming Vejby Kristensen, DenmarkÖmer Faruk Tuncbilek, TurkeyYves Poissant, CanadaT. Paulin, CanadaSoukaina Boudoudouh, Morocco Table of Figures..................................................................................................................................7Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................8List of abbreviations............................................................................................................................9Executive summary............................................................................................................................101Introduction....................................