在日本高考背景下调查英语口语测试的反拨潜力

Date: 9 July 2025Author name and ORCID number: David Allen(0000-0002-3275-331X)Grant reference: AR-G-2023-03 www.britishcouncil.org/english-assessment/english-language-research1This report is brought to you by English Language Research, British CouncilTo cite this report, please use:Allen, D., (2025). Investigating the washback potential of theBCT-S. British Council. DOI: 10.57884/AZNR-RT90 Contents 1.1Washback.........................................................................................................................................................................................61.2Washback research..................................................................................................................................................................61.3Hypothetical washback research design...............................................................................................................8 The present study...........................................................................................................................................................................10 2.1The BCT-S.......................................................................................................................................................................................102.2Research design.......................................................................................................................................................................11 Methodology......................................................................................................................................................................................13 3.1Participants...................................................................................................................................................................................133.2Procedure......................................................................................................................................................................................153.3Data analysis...............................................................................................................................................................................16 Results and discussion................................................................................................................................................................ 18 4.1Washback effects.....................................................................................................................................................................184.2Washback direction, intensity and mediating factors................................................................................204.3Educational goals....................................................................................................................................................................214.4Overlap with the educational system at the school....................................................................................224.5Proximity.........................................................................................................................................................................................244.6Learner factors...........................................................................................................................................................................244.7Teacher factors.........................................................................................................................................................................254.8Suggestions for test design..............................................................................................................................................264.9Facilitating washback through a ToA......................................................................................................................26 Appendix 1: BCT-S test design...................................................................................................................................................37Appendix 2: BCT-S-related research presentations..................................................................................................38Appendix 3: Survey content.........................................................................................................................................................40Appendix 4: Interview topics, supporting research, and example questions......................................43Appendix 5: Narrative summaries ..........................................................................................................................................51 Executive summary Test developers have been urged to work for washback, that is, to design languageassessments that bring about positive washback as a consequ