促进健康老龄化和社区护理的经济效益

The Economic Benefit ofPromotingHealthy Ageing andCommunity Care The Economic Benefitof Promoting Healthy Ageingand Community Care This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. ISBN 978-92-64-92631-8 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-88906-4 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-35969-7 (HTML) OECD Health Policy StudiesISSN 2074-3181 (print)ISSN 2074-319X (online) Photo credits:Cover © Davor Geber/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Growing demand for health and long-term careand the associated cost present a significant challenge forOECD countries. Populations are ageing at a rapid pace across the OECD, with the share of those 80andabove expected to double by 2050, and populations not ageing as healthy as they could. This will havelarge consequences for health and long-term care systems. Previous OECD work has shown that healthspending as a share of GDP will reach 8.6% of GDP by 2040 as a result of change in incomes, productivityconstraints, demographic changes, and the impact of new technologies. Similarly, on average, LTCspending is projected to at least double by 2050. Investing in healthy ageing policies is therefore not only an important human prerogative but also a socialand economic imperative. Improvements in health and life expectancy not only help to attenuate growinghealth costs but can also lead to greater savings and facilitate economic growth. Recent estimates suggestthat without a significant improvement in productivity gains, GDP per capita growth wouldslow down byabout 40% in the OECD area due to ageing. Yet living longer in good health requires concrete actions. A healthier longevity requires policies to improvethe health of people across the life course and addressing health inequalities to ensure healthier ageingfor all. This report focusses on four key pillars to promote healthy ageing close to people’s home:prevention, health system adaptation, home care and the continuum of care in the community. The reportassesses to what extent countries arefocussing on improving prevention at older ages and whatinterventions are cost effective, together with stressing the importance of reablement to help recoverfunctions.It highlights that spending in prevention is low: in 2023,OECD countries spent 3%of their totalspending on health on prevention. It points to slow changes in health systems to adapt their care towardsolder people by bringing care closer to where people live and make it more integrated. Older people havecomplex care needs, with one in two people aged65 to 74having at least two chronic conditions and22.5% of those age65 and above having some limitations in ADLs or IADLs. Care is often poorlyco-ordinated: according to the OECD’sPatient-Reported Indicator Surveys(PaRIS), less thanhalf ofpatients age