备忘录：促进各国采取行动改善化学品安全

Chemicalsandpollution AIDE-MEMOIRE Checklist Forenhanced country actionto improvechemical safety Eventhough partof our daily life, somechemicalsarehighly hazardous to human health.WHO estimated thatexposure to a selectednumber ofchemicalscaused2million deathsin 2019.WHO identifiesten chemicals ofmajor public health concern-air pollutants, arsenic,asbestos, benzene, cadmium, dioxins and dioxin-likesubstances, inadequate or excess fluoride, lead, mercury,and highly hazardous pesticides.Lead and mercury areespecially harmful to young children.WHO can assistcountries to prioritizechemicalsrequiring action in theirnational context, or to develop their own prioritization scheme for chemicals. Policies & actions ☐Poison centre(s)equippedwith essential capabilitiesavailable☐WHOChemicalsRoadMap implemented☐Legislation on leadedpaintsdeveloped andimplemented☐Eliminatingexposure tochemicals of concern, such asmercuryfrompublic goods☐Core capacities ofsurveillance for and responseto chemical events in place[asper the IHR(2005)] The WHO Chemicals Road Map is a frameworktoenhancechemical safetythrough multi-sectoral cooperation, focusing on risk reduction, knowledge andevidence, institutional capacity, and leadership and coordination.Countriescanusethe Road Map’sWorkbook to identify priority actions, leveraging the healthsector’s role to foster collaboration among stakeholders.By implementing tailorednational plans, countries can address specific chemical safety challenges, promotesustainable development, andprotect public health. Multilateral agreements Health aspects of thefollowing implemented:☐Minamata Convention onMercury☐Basel Convention onHazardous Wastes and theirDisposal☐Rotterdam Convention onCertain Hazardous Chemicalsand Pesticidesin InternationalTrade☐Stockholm Convention onPersistent Organic Pollutants☐Montreal Protocol onSubstances that Deplete theOzone Layer WHO support to countries ▪Providessupport to prioritize chemicals requiring action to protect humanhealth.▪Provides norms, guidance and tools to address chemicals of major publichealth concern.▪Supportsthe implementation ofWHO Chemicals Road Mapforidentifying concrete actions for the health sector to engage in the soundmanagement of chemicals.▪Provides a compendium of available interventionsfor the soundmanagement of chemicals.▪Providesguidelines for poison centre development and clinicalmanagement of lead exposure.▪Provides support and information through international networks such asthe Chemical Risk Assessment Network,anetwork ofpoisoncentres andthe Global Chemicals and Health Network.▪Highlightsco-benefits of reducingexposure to chemicalsto other sectors,such as reducingworker absence,adverseimpacts onthe environment,andthe risk of diseases.▪Prepares awareness-raising,advocacyand training materials for the healthsectoronriskreduction and preventionstrategiesforvariouschemicals ofconcern. Awareness raising ☐Key information onhazardous chemicalsdisseminated todecisionmakersand the public☐Evidence-basedchemicalinterventionspromoted Key elements for country action Risk Reduction ▪Implement multilateral environmental agreements focusing on chemicals, waste and health protection, such asMinamata, Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions, as well as the Montreal Protocol.▪Raiseawarenessof decision makers and the public, throughcampaignsandon-lineplatforms,abouthazardouschemicalexposures.▪Provide guidance for health care settings to promote and facilitate the procurement and use of safer, moresustainable alternatives and sound management of health care supply chain and waste. Leadership and Coordination Knowledge and Evidence Institutional Capacity ▪Identify gaps and support strongernational policyandlegalframeworks to address the healthimpacts of chemicals throughouttheirlife cycle.▪Implement the IHR (2005) tostrengthen core capacities anddevelop national policies and plansfor preparedness and response tochemical events.▪Establish poison control centresequipped with essential capabilitiesand informthe public about theirservices and ways to contact them.▪Utilize thetools and guidanceintheIOMC Toolboxtodevelopandimplementnationalchemicalsmanagementplans.▪Establish health-based guidelinesfor chemicals in water, air, soil,food and productsandoccupational exposure drawing onWHO norms, standards andguidelines.▪Provide information and trainingonhazardous chemicals inproducts and processes forinformed decision making by allactors and promote and enablesafer alternatives. ▪Implement the WHO ChemicalsRoad Map to increase healthsector engagement in chemicalmanagement.▪Improve awareness of the healthimpacts of chemical exposuresthroughout their life cycle, andthe resulting costs.▪Facilitate inclusion and activeparticipation of all relevantsectorsand stakeholders inchemicalsmanagement, e.g.,lead,mercury,highlyhazardouspesticides, throughout thelifecycle, at all levels, whilerecognizing the shared leadershipofthe health and environmentsectors.▪