2024年朝鲜国内生产总值估计

* North Korea’s economic indicators related to the national accounts, such as growth rate,industrial structure, economic size, and per capita GNI, are estimated based on South Korea’sprices and value-added ratios, and thus should not be directly compared with those of othercountries. Ⅰ. Overview □North Korea’s real GDP increased by 3.7% in 2024. ―The manufacturing, mining, and construction sectors expanded. Real Gross Domestic Product □Production in the agriculture, forestry & fishing sector decreased by 1.9% in 2024 (1.0%in 2023), due mainly to decreases in livestock and forestry products, despite an increasein fishing. □Mining increased by 8.8% in 2024 (2.6% in 2023), as production of coal, metals, andnon-metallic minerals all rose. □Manufacturing production increased by 7.0% (5.9% in 2023), due to an increase in heavy& chemical industry production, despite a decline in light industry production. ―Light industry production registered a 0.7% decrease (0.8% in 2023), mainly due todecreased food, beverages & tobacco production. ―Production in the heavy & chemical industry increased by 10.7% (8.1% in 2023),driven mainly by growth in primary metal products, fabricated metals and machinery,and chemical products. □Electricity, gas & water production increased by 0.9% (-4.7% in 2023), driven by growthin thermal power generation. □Construction shifted upwards by 12.3% (8.2% in 2023), mainly due to growth inresidential building construction. □The services sector increased by 1.3% (1.7% in 2023), mainly due to increases inwholesale&retail trade and accommodation&food services,and transport&communications. Ⅱ. Industrial Structure □A look at North Korea's industrial structure in 2024 showed increases in the share ofGDP (in nominal GDP terms) accounted for by electricity, gas & water supply andconstruction, but showed decreases in the shares of services, agriculture, forestry &fishing, and mining & manufacturing sectors. ―The share of total GDP contributed by agriculture, forestry & fishing fell by 1.1%p to20.9%. ―The share of mining & manufacturing fell by 0.2%p to record 30.5%, with mining(10.0%) increasing by 1.0%p and manufacturing (20.5%)decreasing by 1.1%p.―The share of electricity, gas & water supply increased by 1.8%p to 7.2%.―The share of construction shifted upward by 0.6%p to 11.6%.―The share of services decreased by 1.1%p to stand at 29.8%. Ⅲ. Gross National Income and External Trade □North Korea’s gross national income (nominal GNI) was valued at 44.4trillion KRW for2024, 1/58 (1.7%)of that of the South Korean economy. □GNI per capita stood at 1.72 million KRW, approximately 1/29 (3.4%)of that of SouthKorea. National Income and Per Capita GNI of North and South Korea (External Trade) □The volume of North Korea's external trade(sum of exports and imports of goods,excluding goods transported between North and South Korea) amounted to USD 2.7billion in 2024, a decrease of 2.6% from USD 2.77 billion during 2023. ―Exports totaled USD 0.36 billion, an increase of 10.8% compared to the year before. oExports of hats and wigs (13.0%), ore, slag and ash (40.7%),and clocks (294.2%)increased.―Imports totaled USD 2.34 billion, a decrease of 4.4% from the year before.oImports of fertilizer (-87.8%), cereals(-88.1%),and tobacco (-75.4%)decreased. < Appendix II > Result of 2020 Benchmark Revision of North Korea’s GDP 1. Necessity of a benchmark revision of North Korea’s GDP □Considering that the purpose of compiling North Korea’s GDP statistics is to evaluatethe North Korean economy from South Korea’s perspective, the benchmark year hasbeen updated from 2015 to 2020 in order to maintain consistency with South Korea’sGDP statistics. ―Since the growth rate and the volume of North Korea’s GDP are estimated using theprices and the value-added ratios of South Korea’s GDP statistics, a benchmarkrevision is necessary for consistent comparison. 2. Result of 2020 benchmark revision □(Real GDP)The real GDP volume of North Korea is changed with the update of thebenchmark year because it is estimated using the production of the current year andthe price data of the benchmark year. ―However, since the estimation method is the same, there is no change in the growthrate by industry and that of GDP during the 1990-2023 period . □(Nominal GDP and GNI)The volume and the growth rate of nominal GDP and GNIas well as per capita GNI, which are estimated using the production and price data forthe current year, remain unchanged as long as there are no changes in the source data. How North Korea’s GDP is Estimated The Bank of Korea has been estimating the gross domestic product of North Korea annuallysince 1991, using the basic data on production quantities supplied by relevant institutions. This estimation project has been undertaken for the purpose of evaluating the North Koreaneconomy from South Korea’s perspective and utilizing the results in policy-making. The estimation therefore follows the System of Na