建设全电动矿山，规划采矿设备电气化所需的技术和要素

White PaperBuilding the all-electric mine Mapping out thetechnologiesand ingredients neededin the electrificationof mining equipment Electrification Is the key to decarbonization Attend any (virtual) conference or roundtable discussionin the mining industry today and the topic ofdecarbonization is bound to come up. Mining companiesare right to highlight the critical role that minerals likecopper, iron ore, nickel, zinc, lithium and cobalt play inreducing carbon emissions. However, there is no hidingthe fact that mining – in its current form – is itself acarbon-intensive activity. Scope 1 and 2 emissions from the mining sector(excluding fugitive-methane emissions from coal mining)currently account for one percent of all global greenhousegas emissions, according to McKinseyi. Between 40 and50 percent of these emissions come from diesel used inmobile equipment, and an additional 30 to 35 percentcomes from electricity generated from non-renewablesourcesii. Under pressure from investors, governments and thegeneral population, many of the world’s largest miners aretargeting major reductions in Scope 1 and 2 emissions by2030 and net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. To reach these targets, mining companies will need tomake substantial investments in the key enablers ofdecarbonization – namely electrification of equipment,machines and transitioning to the use of renewablesfor electricity generation. Electrical equipment has had a role in mining for at least 130 years, when ABB supplied its firstelectrical motor for a mine hoist in Sweden. All-electric systems have been commonplace inminerals processing for several decades, aided by the fact that work is performed by stationaryequipment with high but stable power requirements such as crushers, grinding systems andconveyors. However, complete electrification of the mine area has hitherto been impossible due tothe involvement of mobile equipment such as haul trucks and loaders for which charging andonboard solutions are still in their infancy. In a recent survey with more than 450mining executives conducted by State of Play, a researchgroup focusing on innovation in the mining industry, 63 percent of respondents said risk aversionwas holding back the implementation of electrification technologies . Moreover, 88 percent saidcost was a major risk of electrifying a mine site. Despite their hesitation, mining companies will have little choice but to embrace electrification ifthey are to achieve zero-emissions goals. Full electrification of mobile equipment in the mine area,integrated with digital and autonomous solutions to maximize the efficiency and availability ofthese systems and lower lifetime operating costs, will be central to achieving this goal. In this white paper, we take a deep dive into the practicalities of electrifying mobile miningequipment and, by extension, achieving an all-electric mine. The following ABB experts providedinput to the white paper: Mehrzad Ashnagaran, Global Product Line Manager– Electrification and Composite Plants Nic Beutler, Global Product Manager- Power System & Charging Solutions Marcos Hillal, Global Product Line Manager- Automation and Digital ABB’S six ingredients For successful electric operations 1. Interoperability Mine fleets comprise vehicles from multiple vendors. ABB charging infrastructure follows openstandards to remain vendor-agnostic, meaning it can be used across all vehicle types and OEMs.This allows the customer to make a one-off investment and maximize the uptime, productivity andreturn on investment of every piece of charging equipment. 2. Mobility/flexibility Strategically placing charging points throughout the mine means trucks remain charged for longerand optimizing their usage and overall mine productivity while avoiding the need for additionaltramming routes and vehicles. These points of charge need to be able to adapt to changes in the mine’s design throughout thelifetime of the mine. 3. Energy management Integrating battery electric vehicles into mines means energy load requirements are much morevolatile. Whilst renewables are becoming more relevant in particular for remote sites, they imposeadditional constraints. Smart planning of grid infrastructure and battery energy storage systems, combined with mineproduction forecasting, can be used to minimize load peaks and address possible volatility on thegeneration side. 4. Connection interface Ruggedized and mine-approved automated connection interfaces must be designed to withstandthe harsh environmental conditions in many mines and high-power demands of large miningtrucks. This requires open mechanical and electrical standards and effective collaboration withvehicle suppliers. 5. Trolley and charging infrastructure ABB is building on existing solutions and long-lasting experience related to trolley and charginginfrastructure for battery-electric mining vehicles. Again, these must be robust enough for themining environment and capabl