全球生产力论坛10周年：恢复生产力增长的过去和未来前景

Past andFuture Perspectives onReviving Productivity Growth The Global Forumon Productivity at 10 PAST AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ON REVIVINGPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Photo credits:Cover © DAZOKA.com/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Preface Over the past decade, the importance of deepening ourunderstanding of productivity and turningthatknowledge into actionable advice for policy makers has become more crucial than ever. A generaliseddeclinein growth rates for most economies in the context of major environmental,political anddemographic challenges was already apparent in 2015, as the OECD's Global Forum on Productivity(GFP)was being established. Since then, these concerns have increased,and the GFP has wellcontributed to the reflexions on how to address new major structural challenges. In this context, the role oftheGFPiskey. While the recent surge of practical applications ofartificialintelligence(AI)holds the promise of revitalisingproductivity, its effects are not yet fully evident and materialised. Beyond its potential to drive productivitygains, AI also raises important concerns about equitable access to technology and the need for effectivere-skilling. In this decisive moment, the critical choices made by Governments will be pivotal in determiningwhether this new technology proves a force for good after all. Hence, the quest for sound policies, and theavoidance of ill-informed ones, isof the outmost importance. Raising productivity is not easy in the short term, especially inhigh-income countries, where low-hangingfruits must have already been picked. Thismeans the discernment of good policies requires permanent,methodical and rigorous analytical work, powered by appropriate theoretical and empirical tools. In thisrespect, the OECD provides both the institutional support and a favourable environment for this kind ofpolicy-oriented research. Identifying which policies are likely to succeed is only half of the