2025年地中海联盟区域一体化：进展报告

Progress Report Regional Integrationin the Unionfor the Mediterranean2025 PROGRESS REPORT This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Kosovo*: This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations Security CouncilResolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo’s declaration ofindependence. Please cite this publication as:OECD (2025),Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean 2025: Progress Report, OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/6422396e-en. Photo credits:Cover © Damsea/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Preface by the Union for theMediterranean It is with much enthusiasm that we present this second edition of the Progress Report on Regional Integration in the Unionfor the Mediterranean at this highly symbolic moment, as we mark the 30th anniversary of the Barcelona Process. Fullyconscious thatno report can encapsulate the current regional socio-economic reality in all its complexity, we entrusted thetask of elaborating the UfM Report yet again to the much-esteemed Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD), confident in thescientific rigor of its evidence-based methodology and its thorough knowledge of theregion. Thanks to the generous support of the German Development Cooperation, this second edition was made possible,and the action-oriented policy recommendations are readily available to guide our strategic compass in one of the world’sleast economically integrated regions. This region, which hundreds of millions of people call home, looks very different now than what it looked like back in 2021when we launched the first edition of this report. Back then, the entire world was still struggling to navigate the repercussionsof a global pandemic that caught us all unprepared. Other disruptions followed and swept across the region ever since,including wars, humanitarian and economic crises, technological and environmen