沙特阿拉伯人工智能准备度评估报告

Artificial Intelligence Readiness Assessment Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication reflects the collective effort of the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA), numerous governmentalentities, industry partners,academic institutions, and international experts who have contributed to advancing SaudiArabia's AI journey. Saudi Arabia has fostered a comprehensive and inclusive approach to the development of its AIecosystem, engaging extensively with stakeholders through workshops, public consultations, strategic partnerships,and advisory committees. Our deepest gratitude to the UNESCO headquarters who has contributed to these efforts,making significant strides in shaping the Kingdom’s AI landscape. Since its inception in 2019, SDAIA has led the charge in establishing a robust AI and data governance framework forthe Kingdom, supported byits three sub-entities, the National Data Management Office (NDMO), the NationalInformation Center (NIC), and the National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI). Beyond this SDAIA-centricecosystem, we also acknowledge theinvaluablecontributions of several government entities, including the NationalCybersecurity Authority (NCA), the Ministry of Communicationsand Information Technology (MCIT), the DigitalGovernment Authority (DGA), the Communications, Space & Technology Commission (CST), and the PublicInvestment Fund (PIF), which have played critical roles in contributing to Saudi Arabia’s AIjourney. This collaborativeframework has been instrumental in advancing Saudi Arabia’s AI agenda. Through these collective efforts, Saudi Arabia is not only advancing its national AI agenda but also contributing tothe global discourse on responsible AI development, ensuring that the Kingdom remains at the forefront of AIinnovation and ethics. Published in 2024by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2024 This publication isavailable in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept tobe bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (https://www.unesco.org/en/open-access/cc-sa). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or areaor of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those ofUNESCO and do not commit the Organisation. Cover photo: ESO/S. Brunier Saudi Arabia Artificial Intelligence Readiness Assessment Report Table ofContents DIAGNOSIS OF THE NATIONAL AI LANDSCAPE17 KSA NATIONAL AI JOURNEY18KSA AI Governance18International Presence21International Awards22International Indices23 LEGAL AND REGULATORY24 Laws and Regulations30KSA Performance in International Ranking30 Public Sector Upskilling32Public Sector AI Enablement32 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL34 DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND EQUTY34The Gender Gap in KSA Is Improving in The Workforce, But Lags Digitally34Affirmative Action in The Data and AI Space35 SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL42 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION42 EDUCATION46 Integrating AI into the Education System48Fuelling the Pipeline of AI Graduates: Supply of AI Talent48Public Access to Education49Global Joint Academies50 LABOUR MARKETS51Increased Demand for AI Talent51INTERMEDIATE CONSUMPTION52INVESTMENTS AND OUTPUT52Government Investment52Private Investment54 TECHNICAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL56 DEVELOPING A NATIONAL AI MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ROADMAP65 OVERVIEW OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROCESS65MAIN CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED THROUGH PREVIOUS CONSULTATIONS67CONCLUSION71 TOWARDS A NATIONAL AISTRATEGY: HIGH LEVELRECOMMENDATIONS72 LAWS AND REGULATION72DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT AI STANDARDS FOR PRIORITY SECTORS72IMPLEMENT SPECILAIZED AI REGULATORY SANDBOXES AND PILOT ZONES73INTRODUCE AI-SPECIFIC TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT73EXPAND THE SCOPE OF AI ETHICS ASSESSMENT ACROSS PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS73ENHANCE REGULATIONS AROUND SYNTHETIC CONTENT GENERATION74 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND GOVERNANCE74 REFRESH THE NATIONAL AI STRATEGY TO MEET EVOLOVING PRIORETIES74BROADEN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AI OFFICES WITHIN THE PUBLIC SECTOR74DEVELOP A NATIONAL FRAMEWORK TO MONITOR ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AI75ENHANCE DATA COLLECTION AND DATA SHARING CAPABILITIES75 CAPACITY BUILDING76 EMBED AI ACROSS GENERAL AND HIGHER EDUCATION CURRECULA76REGULARLY EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF AI AND AUTOMATION ON THE WORKFORCE76INTRODUCE GLOBAL AI TALENT ATTRACTION PROGRAMS77DEPLOY COMPREHENSIVE, NATIONWIDE AI UPSKILLING PROGRAMS77 RESPONSIBLE TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATION77 ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE AI INFRASTRUCTURE77ESTABLI