构建值得信赖的人工智能：框架、应用和准备状态的自我评估

Frameworks, Applications, andSelf-Assessment for Readiness September 2025 © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of ExecutiveDirectors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in theinformation, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes,or conclusions set forth. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as longas full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. This note’s findings, interpretations and implications are entirely those of the authors and do notnecessarily represent the views of the World Bank Group. The authors may be contacted atjpark23@worldbankgroup.org and ahan@worldbank.org. Cover illustration: Generated by Seelab, August 20, 2025, from the prompt “Hexagonal AI chip in middle,circuits extending to small hexagon bubbles containing icons; like a brainstorm flowchart; 2D.” Subsequentmodifications made using Seelab and traditional design tools. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This note is a product of East Asia and Pacific Region, Technology & Innovation Office,Information and Technology Solutions (ITS) Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group (WBG).This work is a collaborative effort of the World Bank Group with the Korea Institute ofScience and Technology (KIST). The drafting team authoring the report comprised Jinhee Park(IT Officer, Business Solutions II, ITSTI) and Ahram Han (Consultant, ITSTI) at WBG, ProfessorChansoo Kim at the University of Science and Technology and KIST, and Professor HaneolCho at Sejong University. The authors are grateful for valuable feedback received from Roman Kovalenko (Director,ITSDO), Srividya Sreeram (Practice Manager, ITSSG), Shrimant Tripathy (Practice Manager,ITSRM), Stuart Yikona (Program Manager, EEAF1), Ji Eun Choi (Senior Economist, DEPDU),and Yusaku Kawashima (Senior IT Officer, Business Solutions I, ITSTI). The authors also appreciate the guidance and support received from Jason Allford, WorldBank Group Country Manager to the Republic of Korea; Stela Mocan, Practice Manager,Digital Government, Digital Vice-Presidency; and Michelle Leonore Fortune, Senior IT Officer,ITS Technology & Innovation Office at the World Bank Group. The authors are also thankful for the WBG Korea Office for its overall support and ITSTIcolleagues for their thoughtful comments and contributions. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS3 ACRONYMS6 2.1. AI’s potential to drive innovation and efficiency in public sector services. . . . . . . . . .82.2. Ethical considerations in AI and government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.3. Key concepts and terminologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 3.1. Data analytics and pattern recognition: an integrated approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133.2. AI-based simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 4ETHICAL CHALLENGES AND RISKS IN AI APPLICATION18 4.1. Explainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184.2. Illusion of objectivity in AI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184.3. Data privacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214.4. Accountability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214.5. Comprehensive ethics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 5TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS TO ADDRESS AI CHALLENGES24 5.1. Technological approaches to explainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245.2. Tools and techniques for addressing AI bias and th