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CONTENTS PAYMENT CORRIDORS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA02 ByDavid RobinsonHead: Strategy Enablement, Payments, Transaction Banking, CIB FRICTIONLESS PAYMENTSByGhairoonesa MoyceHead: Channel Management, Transaction Banking, CIB09 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGESIN THE AFRICAN PAYMENTS ARENA19 ByTheresa van der KloosterSenior Manager, Strategy Enablement, CIB Africa MOBILE PAYMENTS: THE HEARTBEAT OF AFRICA25 BySachin ShahExecutive Head: Domestic Payments and Receivables, Transaction Banking, CIB PLATFORMS, ECOSYSTEMS AND PARTNERS32 ByKent MaraisHead: Digital Experience Solutions, Transaction Banking, CIB OPTIMISING LIQUIDITY IN AFRICA39 ByBrendon BouwerExecutive: Liquidity Management, Transaction Banking, CIBand Arcanjo ArturExecutive: Portfolio Management, Transaction Banking, CIB 01 PAYMENTCORRIDORSIN SUB-SAHARANAFRICA 02 STANDARD BANK|PAYMENT CORRIDORS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DAVID ROBINSON HEAD: STRATEGY ENABLEMENT, PAYMENTS,TRANSACTION BANKING, CIB Africa’s economic transformation continues to gain momentum, in partdriven by regional trade corridors, regional economic communities andregional payment systems that streamline the movement of capital,goods and services. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)provides a powerful framework for eliminating trade barriers and fosteringfinancial integration, while initiatives like the Pan-African Payment andSettlement System (PAPSS), East African Payments System (EAPS) and SouthernAfrican Development Community Real-Time Gross Settlement (SADC-RTGS)system enhance the efficiency of cross-border transactions. Despite these strides, Africa faces significant challenges, including infrastructuredeficits, political instability, currency fragmentation, currency liquidity, discordantregulation and financial exclusion. Regional economic integration, regionaleconomic communities and payment systems play pivotal roles in overcomingthese challenges and shaping the future of trade and finance across the continent. COMPONENTS OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MONEY FLOW Flows into and between African markets: 1. Intra-African Trade According to the UN Economic Commission for Africa, intra-African trade remainslow, estimated at only 18% of the continent’s total trade, compared to 70% inEurope and 52% in Asia. Barriers such as fragmented markets, high tariffs andlimited infrastructure hinder the free movement of goods and services. AfCFTAaims to address these issues by creating a single market of 55 nations with acombined GDP of USD3.4 trillion, with the potential to significantly boost intra-African trade. Africa’s regionalcorridors arethe lifelines ofregional trade,connectinglandlockednations to portsand linkingeconomic hubs. 2. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Africa attracts significant FDI in sectors such as mining, agriculture and energy,and increasingly in technology and manufacturing. Countries with stablegovernance, robust regulatory environments and modern infrastructure, such asSouth Africa, Uganda and Mozambique, are leading recipients. Regional economiczones (RECs) and regional corridors play a crucial role in channelling thisinvestment by connecting resource-rich areas to global markets. 3. Remittances According to the World Bank, in sub-Saharan Africa, personal remittancesfrom the African diaspora reached USD55 billion in 2023, making them a vitalsource of income for millions. Countries like Nigeria, Egypt and Kenya are thelargest recipients, with remittances often used to fund education, healthcareand small businesses. 4. Development Aid Africa is the largest recipient of global aid, which supports infrastructure,healthcare and education. While this aid plays a vital role in addressing systemicchallenges, critics argue that it can foster dependency and inefficiencies. 03 STANDARD BANK|PAYMENT CORRIDORS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA KEY REGIONAL CORRIDORS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Africa’s regional corridors are the lifelines of regional trade, connecting landlockednations to ports and linking economic hubs. These corridors are essential for theflow of goods. 1. Northern Corridor (East Africa) The Northern Corridor extends from the Port of Mombasa (Kenya) throughUganda, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan and eastern DR Congo and serves asa critical conduit for agricultural exports, oil imports and consumer goods. Theexpansion of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) and industrial zones along thecorridor is expected to boost regional trade. 2. Central Corridor (East and Central Africa) The Central Corridor links the Port of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) to Rwanda,Burundi and DR Congo and is utilised for mineral exports, agricultural productsand manufactured goods. Investments in logistics and customs harmonisationwill enhance trade efficiency. $55REMITTANCES FROM THEAFRICAN DIASPORA REACHED$55 BILLION IN 2023. 3. Maputo Corridor (Southern Africa) The Maputo Corridor connects Gauteng, South Africa’s economic hub, to thePort of Maputo in Mozambique, supporting mining