2025年边缘指挥控制：网络信息时代指挥控制新范式蓝皮书

边缘指挥控制：网络信息时代指挥控制新范式 EdgeCommandandControl:ANewParadigmforCommandandControlintheNetworkInformationAge 信息系统工程全国重点实验室 NationalKeyLaboratoryofInformationSystemsEngineering 2025年8月 前言 指挥控制（CommandandControl,C2）的成效是战争胜负的决定因素，联合作战、全域作战的重心在于指挥控制，取得体系优势的关键也在于指挥控制。在战争中，任何一项其他活动的重要程度都无法与指挥控制相提并论。 指挥控制不是一成不变的，政治、经济、科技和战争规模等都在牵引着指挥控制的发展演变。特别是科技的发展加速了这种演变，催生了以智能无人为代表的新域新质作战力量，指挥控制的主体客体、要素结构、技术手段、系统形态等面临根本性的变化，整个领域正在经历一场深刻变革。这种演变呈现出清晰的脉络，从中心化组织形成中心化指挥控制，到一线自主协同形成边缘指挥控制，呈现出“集中—分布—自组—敏捷”的演化过程。 人类组织形态最开始以中心化为主，是集权的、层级制的、金字塔形的，马克思·韦伯将之归结为官僚制模型。这是一种严密、高效、精确的组织体系，指挥单元和行动单元严格分开，上下级之间形成指挥命令的层级关系，上级负责政策制定，有指挥、监督、命令之权；下级则必须依据官僚规则如实地执行上级命令。这种由中心化组织演化而来的中心化指挥控制也是一种自顶向下的指挥控制方式，它在解决静止性问题，以及不确定性较少的问题时得 心应手，长期被指挥员娴熟运用，并成为一种范式。随着战争形态的改变、不确定环境的显现和去中心化趋势的加强，中心化指挥控制范式的不足逐渐显现，去中心化的边缘指挥控制弥补了中心化指挥控制的不足。这种指挥控制方式是典型的自组织，也是一种自下而上的指挥控制方式，呈现出自任务、自组织、自行动、自适应等特征。 本报告主要聚焦边缘指挥控制这一新的指挥控制范式，分析其时代背景、概念内涵、实现途径，提出研究建议。报告由四部分组成。第一部分介绍边缘指控的时代背景，以及“边缘崛起”现象的观察与思考。第二部分概述边缘指控的概念内涵，包括定义、本质特征、过程模型、制胜机理。第三部分剖析边缘指控的实现途径，从指挥方式、网信支撑、开放共享、协同规则等四个方面进行阐述。第四部分提出相关的研究问题，涵盖组织设计、自主协同、指控支撑等方面。 本报告由张维明、朱承策划组织，朱承主笔撰写，主要内容基于实验室近年来开展的相关研究与实践，主要研究人员包括陈涛、朱先强、丁兆云、雷洪涛、周鋆、汤罗浩、刘斌、刘毅、罗来龙、张千桢、张胜、任棒棒、老明瑞、余正飞、冯清泉、吴亮等。其中，吴亮、冯清泉为本报告制作了插图。 Preface TheeffectivenessofCommandandControl(C2)isthedecisivefactorindeterminingvictoryordefeatinwar.C2serves as the center of gravity for joint and all-domainoperations,anditisthekeytoachievingadecisivesystemicadvantage.In warfare,the importance of Command andControlissimplyunparalleledbyanyotheractivity. C2isnotstatic;itiscontinuallyshapedbyfactorssuchaspolitics,economics,technology,andthescaleofwarfare.Technologicaladvancement,inparticular,hasacceleratedthisevolution,giving rise to new domains and novel combatcapabilities,epitomized by intelligent and autonomoussystems.Consequently,the subjectsand objects of C2,itselementalstructure,technicalmeans,andsystemicmorphologyareallfacingfundamentalchanges,andtheentirefieldisundergoingaprofoundtransformation.Thisevolutionfollows a clear trajectory:from centralized Command andControl formed by hierarchical organizations,to edgeCommand and Control enabled by frontline autonomouscollaboration.It demonstrates an evolutionary process of'Centralization→Distribution→Self-Organization→Agility'. Earlyhumanorganizationalformswerepredominantlycentralized,characterizedbyauthoritarian,hierarchical,andpyramid-likestructures,whichMaxWebersummarizedasthebureaucraticmodel.Thisrepresentedarigorous,efficient,andprecise organizational system wherein command units andactionunitswerestrictlyseparated.Ahierarchicalrelationshipof command was established between superiors andsubordinates:theformerwereresponsibleforpolicy-makingwiththeauthoritytodirect,supervise,andcommand,whilethelatterwereobligatedtofaithfullyexecutesuperiors'ordersaccording to bureaucratic rules.The centralized Commandand Control that evolved from these organizations wasconsequentlyatop-downapproach.Itprovedhighlyeffectiveforresolvingstaticproblemsandthosewithlowuncertainty,wasskillfullyemployedbycommandersoverthelongterm,andeventuallybecameaparadigm.However,withchangesinthe nature of warfare,the emergence of uncertainenvironments,andagrowingtrendtowarddecentralization,the deficiencies of the centralized C2 paradigm becameincreasingly apparent.Decentralized edge Command andControlemergedtocompensatefortheseshortcomings.Thismethod of C2 is a typical form of self-organization andrepresentsa bottom-up approach.It exhibitscharacteristics suchas autonomous tasking,self-organization,autonomousaction,andself-adaptation. This report focuses on Edge Command and Control(EdgeC2),anewparadigminC2,analyzingitscontemporarycontext,conceptualmeaning,andimplementationpathways,whilealsoproposingresearchrecommendations.Thereportiscomposedoffourparts:PartOneintroducesthecontemporarycontextforEdgeC2andpresentsobservationsandreflectionsonthe"RiseoftheEdge"phenomenon.PartTwooutlinestheconceptual meaning of Edge C2,including its definition,essential characteristics,process model,and principles ofvictory.PartThreeanalyzestheimplementationpathwaysforEdgeC2,elaboratingfromfouraspectsofcommandmethods,network-informationsupport,opensharing,andcollaborationrules.PartFourproposesrelatedresearchquestionscoveringareassuchasorganizationaldesign,autonomouscollaboration,andCommandandControlsupportsystems. This report was planned and organized by ZhangWeimingandZhuCheng,withZhuChengservingastheleadauthor.Themaincontentisbasedontherelatedresearchandpractice conducted by National Key Laboratory ofInformation Systems Engineering in recent years.TheprincipalresearchersincludeChenTao,ZhuXianqiang,Ding Zhaoyun,LeiHongtao,ZhouYun,TangLuohao,LiuBin,LiuYi,Luo Lailong,Zhang Qianzhen,Zhang Sheng,RenBangbang,LaoMingrui,YuZhengfei,FengQingquan,andWu Liang.Among them,Wu Liang and Feng Qingquancreatedtheillustrationsforthisreport. 目录 前言..........................................i 一、研究背景....................................1 1.1时代与战争之变...................................11.2边缘崛起：从重心到边缘.................