AI开放度：政策制定者入门指南

OECD ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE PAPERSAugust 2025No. 44 Foreword Thisreportwas approved and declassified by written procedure by the Global Partnership on ArtificialIntelligence (GPAI) on 25 June 2025 and prepared for publication by theOECD Secretariat.Earlierversions were discussed by the OECD Working Party on AI Governance(AIGO) in outline form inNovember 2023, and in draft form in June 2024. It was also discussed by the GPAI in December 2024. Note to Delegations:This document is also available onO.N.E Members & Partnersunder the reference code:DSTI/DPC/GPAI(2024)3/FINAL This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalemand Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Cover image: © Kjpargeter/Shutterstock.com ©OECD2025 Attribution4.0 International (CCBY4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International licence. By using this work, youaccept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employedin this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party andfor any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA) ArbitrationRules2012. The seat of arbitrationshall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgements This report was prepared under the aegis of the OECD Working Party on AI Governance (AIGO) and theGlobal Partnership on AI (GPAI).Karine Perset, Luis Aranda, and Guillermo Hernández(OECD ArtificialIntelligence and Emerging Digital Technologies Division) led the report development and drafting,underthe supervision of Audrey Plonk, Deputy Director of the OECD Science, Technology and InnovationDirectorate.An earlier version of this report was drafted by Elizabeth Seger (Oxford University). The paper benefitted significantly from the oral and written contributions of AIGO and GPAI delegates aswell as expertsfromthe OECD.AInetwork of experts.The authors would like to extend their sinceregratitude to the Delegations ofAustralia, Brazil,Canada,Chile, Croatia,the European Commission,France,Germany,India, Israel,Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden,Thailand, Türkiye,theUnitedKingdom,and the United States for their invaluable insights.In particular,they gratefullyacknowledge contributions fromSimon van Hoeve (Australia);Franklin Rodrigues Hoyer (Brazil); RicardoBaeza-Yates (Chile); Juraj Bilic (Croatia);Jonas Roule(France);Abhishek Singh (India);Ziv Katzir (Israel);Juraj Corba (Slovakia);Polonca BlaznikandMartin Marzidovsek(Slovenia); Jesse Dunietz and DavidTurnbull (US);Carlos Muñoz Ferrandis (BigScience);Loise Mwarangu (AI Centre of Excellence, Kenya);Marko Grobelnik (Jozef Stefan Institute); andStuart Russell (UC Berkeley). The Secretariat would also like to thank stakeholder groups at the OECD for their input, including PamDixon (Civil Society Information Society Advisory–CSISAC); Nicole Primmer and Maylis Berviller(Business at OECD–BIAC); Sarah Jameson and Aida Ponce (Trade Union Advisory Committee–TUAC);andSebastianHallensleben and Jibu Elias(Internet Technical Advisory Committee–ITAC). Finally, the authors thank all thosewho have contributed to the report throughout its development. ThisincludesJeff Mollins, Lucia Russo, Kasumi Sugimoto, Sarah Bérubé, and Nikolas Schmidt (OECD/STI);Manuel Betin and Peter Gal (OECD/ECO); and Richard May (OECD/DAF).The authors also thankAnaisaGoncalves, Shellie Laffontand Andreia Furtado for editorial support;the overall quality of this reportbenefitted significantly from their engagement. Table of contents Foreword2 Acknowledgements3 6 Abstract 7 Résumé Executive summary8 Introduction10 1. Delving