联合国贸易发展委员会-通过国家战略政策，准备抓住人工智能机遇

Preparing to seize artificialintelligence opportunities withstrategic national policies K E Y P O I N T S As value in the global economy shifts toward knowledge-intensive activities,decision makers need to support the adoption and development of newtechnologies, as well as the creation, dissemination and absorption ofproductive knowledge Without timely and tailored strategies for integrating artificial intelligenceinto broader industrial and innovation policies that support inclusive andsustainable development, developing countries risk falling behind Successful national artificial intelligence policies combine high-level directionwith concrete actions across key sectors; drawing from global examples,countries need to align policies across research and development, datagovernance, workforce training and digital infrastructure UNCTAD has devised the frontier technologies readiness index, to assesscountrypreparedness for such technologies,and offers an analyticalframework, to help countries evaluate strengths and weaknesses in terms ofinfrastructure, data and skills, according to national capacity for the adoptionand development of artificial intelligence Preparing to seize artificialintelligence opportunities withstrategic national policies Developing countries need to strengthen national readiness and designtargeted policies in order to prepare for a world rapidly being reshapedbyartificial intelligence and other frontier technologies.Nationalcompetitivenessincreasingly depends on science,technology andinnovation(STI)and knowledge-intensive services.Some developingcountries show significant potential relative to income levels; most needto design industrial and innovation policies that take into account therole of knowledge-intensive services and the uncertainties concerningresearch and development. It is also critical to consider the diffusionand direction of frontier technologies and their impact on the economy,and to adapt catch-up strategies accordingly. Developing countries needto quickly respond to the challenges posed by artificial intelligence,implementing policies that align with national development goals andagendas. It may be more feasible to immediately support the adoption ofartificial intelligence for particular sectoral needs, yet developing countriesshould also formulate long-term strategic plans to steer national artificialintelligence development. Otherwise, as latecomers, they may be left withfew options.1 Preparing to seize artificial intelligenceopportunities Developing countries need to prepare for a world rapidly transformed by artificialintelligence and other frontier technologies. UNCTAD has devised the frontiertechnologies readiness index, to offer a comprehensive measure of a country’spreparedness for such technologies. The index includes indicators on access tofinance, industrial capacity, information and communications technology (ICT)deployment, research and development activity and skills. In general, countrieswith a greater gross domestic product (GDP) per capita tend to be better preparedfor frontier technologies. However, some countries perform significantly abovethe ranking that their income levels might suggest (figure 1), indicating significantpotential to seize the opportunities offered by frontier technologies in order to driveeconomic growth and development. Figure 1Brazil, China, India and the Philippines: Developing countries outperforming in technology readiness Acommon feature of better-performing countries is greater research anddevelopment activity and stronger industrial capacities, which enable them tokeep pace with technological development and eventually take the lead in somefrontier technologies. This highlights the importance of making efforts to improvethe national innovation ecosystem. The frontier technologies readiness index maybe complemented by a detailed assessment of a country’s preparedness for theadoption and development of artificial intelligence, which critically depends onthe three leverage points of infrastructure, data and skills (table 1). Each elementcontributes to technological progress, but only in combination can they fully catalyseartificial intelligence diffusion. Such interactions have driven breakthroughs suchas generative artificial intelligence, which has redefined the technology landscape.By supporting development at these critical leverage points, decision makers cantrigger transformational economic cascades. Countries may be considered under four categories of artificial intelligence adoptionand development capacity (figure 2). This serves to identify the current position ofa country according to relative strengths and weaknesses and potential catch-uptrajectories (e.g. from laggards to practitioners, then to leaders). Catch-up policiesand trajectories should be tailored to align with national development goals andparticular challenges, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. Four categories of artifici