亚洲生产力组织（APO）简介

TheAsianProductivityOrganization(APO)isanintergovernmentalorganizationthatpromotes productivity as a key enablerfor socioeconomic development andorganizational and enterprise growth. Itpromotesproductivityimprovementtools,techniques,andmethodologies;supportsthe National Productivity Organizationsof its members; conducts research onproductivity trends; and disseminatesproductivity information, analyses, anddata. The APO was established in 1961and comprises 21 members. APO Members Bangladesh,Cambodia,RepublicofChina,Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea,Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal,Pakistan,Philippines,Singapore,SriLanka,Thailand, Turkiye, and Vietnam. SMALL TECH, BIG IMPACT LOW-COST ICT AND SME PRODUCTIVITY – MICRODATAEVIDENCE FROM NINE ECONOMIES IN ASIA Small Tech, Big Impact: Low-Cost ICT and SME Productivity – Microdata Evidence fromNine Economies in Asia Dr. Dainn Wie served as the chief expert and volume editor. First edition published in Japanby the Asian Productivity Organization1-24-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033, Japanwww.apo-tokyo.org © 2025 Asian Productivity Organization The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views ofthe Asian Productivity Organization (APO) or any APO member. All rights reserved. None of the contents of this publication may be used, reproduced,stored, or transferred in any form or by any means for commercial purposes withoutprior written permission from the APO. Designed by Samvac LLP. CONTENTS FOREWORDIX INTRODUCTION1 Conceptual Framework of the Report2Methodology Employed in Country Reports2 Final Observation and the Way Forward7References7 INDIA8 Summary8Introduction8India and the GVC9MSMEs and the Indian Economy9Significance of Integrating MSMEs in the Global Value Chain10Factors Restricting GVC Integration of MSMEs in India11Steps to Integrate Indian MSMEs into the GVC12Importance of Skilled Human Resources in the GVC12Key Challenges Faced by Indian Firms in Getting Skilled Manpower13ICT and Skill Development14ICT Scenario in India15Policy and Regulatory Environment in India18Productivity and ICT19Integrating Blockchain Technology for Enhanced Productivity21Integrating AI for Enhanced Productivity23World Bank Enterprise Survey24Sector: IT and IT-Enabled Services26Sector: Manufacturing27Policies to Promote Skill Upgradation27India’s Policy on Information and Communication Technology28Policy Recommendations29References30 LAO PDR35 Summary35Introduction35Current Position of Firms in the GVC35Importance and Necessity of Skill Upgrading37 Constraints on Firms’ Skill Upgrading and ICT Potential38Background and Obstacles of ICT Adoption in Laos40Electronic Payment42Data Analysis and Interpretation43Policy Discussion46Capacity Building Initiatives46ICT Infrastructure46Promoting Research and Development47Promoting Online Marketing Through Websites47Enhancing Female Management47Conclusion48References48 MALAYSIA 50Summary50Introduction50Current Position of Firms in the GVC51Importance and Necessity of Skill Upgrading53Constraints on Firms’ Skill Upgrading and ICT Potential55Access to Finance55Safety of Transactions55Access to the Global Market55Access to Skilled Human Capital56Background Statistics of ICT56Infrastructure of Broadband Internet56Household Usage of Internet and Mobile Phone57Electronic Payment Systems58Obstacles to ICT-Driven Growth58Data Analysis and Interpretation60Firm Productivity60ICT Utilization61Remaining Obstacles in ICT Utilization62Policy Discussion63Current Policies to Promote Firms’ Skill Upgrading63Current Policies to Promote ICT Infrastructure64Conclusion65References66 MONGOLIA68 Summary68Introduction68Constraints on Firms’ Skill Upgrading and ICT Potential68Access to Finance69Safety of Transactions69Access to the Global Market70Access to Skilled Human Capital70Background Statistics of ICT71Infrastructure of Broadband Internet72 Household Usage of Internet and Mobile Phone73Electronic Payment Systems74Obstacles to ICT-Driven Growth76 Data Analysis and Interpretation76 ICT Utilization80Firm Productivity82Remaining Obstacles in ICT Utilization86 Policy Discussion86Current Policies to Promote Firms’ Skill Upgrading86Current Policies to Promote ICT Infrastructure87Policy Recommendations for Firms’ Skill Upgrading Through ICT Vs. R&D88 Conclusion89References89 Summary91Introduction91Current Position of Firms in the GVC91Importance and Necessity of Skill Upgrading92 Constraints on Firms’ Skill Upgrading and ICT’s PotentialBackground Statistics of ICTInfrastructure of Broadband InternetHousehold Usage of Internet and Mobile PhoneElectronic Payment Systems 9394949495 Data Analysis and Interpretation95ICT Utilization and Obstacles95Firm Productivity99Labor Productivity and ICT Utilization99Analysis and Discussion100 Policy Discussion101Current Policies to Promote Firms’ Skill Upgrading101Current Policies to Promote ICT Infrastructure101