技术与教育：用混合学习扰乱课堂

HOW TECHNOLOGY IS DISRUPTING THE CLASSROOMPARENTS AND TEACHERSAGREE ON THE IMPORTANCEOF TECHNOLOGY IN THECLASSROOMSOURCEPARENTS AND TEACHERS ON TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION, AUGUST 2012.Technology will be much moreimportant in preparing youngpeople for their future.TEACHERS54%BENEFITS OFBLENDED LEARNINGOnline contentallows studentsto learn at theirown pace.Students takeassessmentswhen ready andmove on onlyafter they’vemasteredconcepts.Students travelon differentlearning pathswith onlinecontent becauseit’s moremodular.Flexibility in howto learn conceptsallows studentsto learn in waysthat work bestfor them.The tools available in blended learninghelp teachers individualize eachstudent’s education—particularlyimportant when teachers have largenumbers of students in their classes.SOURCECLAYTON CHRISTENSEN INSTITUTE FOR DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION.+INTRODUCING BLENDEDLEARNING:MIXING ONLINEAND IN-SCHOOL LEARNINGSCREENSHAREGAMESVIRTUALWHITEBOARDThe promise of new technologies to transform education by delivering learning thatis personalized and engaging for each student has caught the attention of educators,parents, and policymakers. HART RESEARCH FOR LEAD COMMISSION.PARENTS64% HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW ANALYTIC SERVICESThe promise of new technologies to transform education by delivering learningthat is personalized and engaging for each student has caught the attention ofeducators, parents, and policymakers.Because all students learn at different paces and have different levels of back-ground knowledge and conceptions about topics, digital learning offers aunique way to offer customized solutions for K-12 schools and children at scale.But looking around the globe, it’s hard to argue that the actual impact of tech-nology has lived up to its hype or transformative ambition in education. TheUnited States has spent well over $100 billion equipping schools with tech-nology with relatively little to show for the investment. The country of Peruequipped 800,000 of its public school students with low-cost laptops to thetune of over $200 million—and the effort flopped. Meanwhile, countries in Asiaare digitizing their course materials without a clear connection to how it willexpand access to learning or will improve the quality of education.The issue is not the technology, however. It’s the failure to understand theprocess of innovation and then create a strategy that allows an innovation tosolve the problems we face and transform education.That schools have gotten little back from their investment in technology shouldcome as no surprise. Virtually every business and organization has done thesame thing schools have done when implementing an innovation. An orga-nization’s natural instinct is to cram an innovation into its existing operatingmodel to sustain what it already does, but not fundamentally transform it.Pioneers of online learning, however, have made significantly more impactthan most education technology efforts because they have sought to solve suchproblems and understood the innovation process. They have had significantimpact in bringing specific classes to financially strapped schools in certainareas, for example. And increasingly, educators and entrepreneurs are seizingthe opportunity in what we call blended learning—the mixing of online andin-school learning to serve all students.Pioneers of onlinelearning have madesignificantly moreimpact than mosteducation technologyefforts because theyhave sought to solvesuch problems andunderstood theinnovation process.TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION:DISRUPTING CLASSROOMS WITHBLENDED LEARNING 2TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION: DISRUPTING CLASSROOMS WITH BLENDED LEARNINGDone right, blended learning breaks through the barri-ers of the use of time, place, path to understanding, andpace to allow each student to work according to his or herparticular needs—whether that be in a group or alone, onpractice problems or projects, online or offline. It preservesthe benefits of the old and provides new benefits—person-alization, access and equity, and cost control.The question increasingly is how educators can capturethese benefits. Blended learning is not inherently good orbad. It is a pathway to student-centered learning at scaleto allow each child to achieve his or her fullest potential,but it is not a guaranteed success.To implement an innovation so that it will transform anorganization, one key is to implement it disruptively—not by using it to compete against the existing paradigmand serve existing customers, but to let it compete ini-tially against “nonconsumption,” where the alternativeis nothing at all.To convey what this means, it is important to first under-stand what disruption is and build off the ideas that ClaytonChristensen first wrote about inThe Innovator’s Dilemma. Inevery market, there are two trajectories: the pace at whichtechnology improves and a slower pace at which custom-ers can actually use the improvements. Customers’ needstend to be relatively stable over time, whereas technologyim