先进科学与政府的未来

Cover image - © vitstudio/ShutterstockWhile every effort has been taken to verify theaccuracy of this information, The EconomistIntelligence Unit Ltd. cannot accept anyresponsibility or liability for reliance by any personon this report or any of the information, opinionsor conclusions set out in this report. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2016ContentsIntroductionChapter 1: Robots and Artificial IntelligenceChapter 2: Genomic MedicineChapter 3: Biometrics 4113660 ForewordAdvanced science and the future of governmentis an Economist Intelligence Unit report for the 2016World Government Summit to be held in the UAE. The report contains three chapters:1.Robots and Artificial Intelligence2.Genomic Medicine3.BiometricsThe findings are based on an extensive literature review and an interview programme conducted bythe Economist Intelligence Unit between September-December 2015. This research was commissionedby the UAE Government Summit. The Economist Intelligence Unit would like to thank the followingexperts who participated in the interview programme.Robots and Artificial IntelligenceFrank Buytendijk–Research VP & Distinguished Analyst, GartnerDr Andy Chun– Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, City University Hong KongTom Davenport– President’s Distinguished Professor of Information Technology & Management,Babson CollegeMartin Ford– Author,Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Futureand winner of theFinancial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year award, 2015Sir Malcolm Grant CBE– Chairman of NHS EnglandTaavi Kotka–Chief Information Officer, government of EstoniaPaul Macmillan– DTTL Global Public Sector Industry Leader, DeloitteLiam Maxwell– Chief Technology Officer, UK GovernmentProf Jeff Trinkle– Director of the US National Robotics InitiativeGerald Wang– Program Manager for the IDC Asia/Pacific Government Insights Research and AdvisoryProgramsGenomic MedicineKaren Aiach– CEO, Lysogene.Dr George Church– Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and Director of PersonalGenomes.org.Dr Bobby Gaspar– Professor of Paediatrics and Immunology at the UCL Institute of Child Health andHonorary Consultant in Paediatric Immunology at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.Dr Eric Green– Director of the National Human Genome Research InstituteDr Kári Stefánsson– CEO, deCODEDr Jun Wang– former CEO, the Beijing Genomics Institute © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2016 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2016BiometricsDr Joseph Atick– Chairman of Identity Counsel InternationalDaniel Bachenheimer– Technical Director, Accenture Unique Identity ServicesKade Crockford– ACLU Director of Technology for Liberty ProgramMariana Dahan– World Bank Coordinator for Identity for DevelopmentDr Alan Gelb– Senior Fellow at the Center for Global DevelopmentDr Richard Guest– Senior Lecturer in Computer Science at the University of KentTerry Hartmann– Vice-President of Unisys Global Transportation and SecurityGeorg Hasse– Head of Homeland Security Consulting at SecunetJennifer Lynch– Senior Staff Attorney at the Electronic Frontier FoundationC. Maxine Most– Principal at Acuity Market IntelligenceDr Edgar Whitley– Associate Professor in Information Systems at the LSEThe Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole responsibility for the content of this report. The findingsand views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the commissioner. The reportwas produced by a team of researchers, writers, editors, and graphic designers, including:Conor Griffin–Author and editor (Robots and Artificial Intelligence; Genomic Medicine)Adam Green–Editor (Biometrics)Michael Martins–Author (Biometrics)Maria-Luiza Apostolescu–ResearcherNorah Alajaji– ResearcherDr. Bogdan Popescu- AdviserDr Annie Pannelay–AdviserGareth Owen– Graphic designEdwyn Mayhew- Design and layoutFor any enquiries about the report, please contact:Conor GriffinPrincipal, Public PolicyThe Economist Intelligence UnitDubai | United Arab EmiratesE: conorgriffin@eiu.comTel: + 971 (0) 4 433 4216Mob: +971 (0) 55 978 9040 Adam GreenSenior EditorThe Economist Intelligence UnitDubai | United Arab EmiratesE: adamgreen@eiu.comTel: + 971 (0) 4 433 4210Mob: +971 (0) 55 221 5208 IntroductionGovernments need to stay abreast of the latest developments in science and technology, both toregulate such activity, and to utilise the new developments in their own service delivery. Yet the paceof change is now so rapid it can be difficult for policymakers to keep up. Identifying what developmentsto focus on is a major challenge. Some are subject to considerable hype, only to falter when they areapplied outside the laboratory.Why focus on robots and AI, genomic medicine, andbiometrics?This report focuses on three advances which are the subject of considerable excitement today:robots and artificial intelligence (AI); genomic medicine; and biometrics. The three share commoncharacteristics. For instance, they all run on dat