是时候证明未来了。整体城市韧性蓝图

The World Government Summit is a global platform dedicated toshaping the future of governments worldwide. Each year, the Summitsets the agenda for the next generation of governments, with a focuson how they can harness innovation and technology to solve universalchallenges facing humanity.The World Government Summit is a knowledge exchange center at theintersection of government, futurism, technology, and innovation. Itfunctions as a thought leadership platform and networking hub forpolicymakers, experts and pioneers in human development.The Summit is a gateway to the future as it functions as the stage foranalysis of future trends, concerns, and opportunities facing humanity.It is also an arena to showcase innovations, best practice, and smartsolutions to inspire creativity to tackle future challenges.AnsweringTomorrow’sQuestions,Today Table of ContentsExecutive SummaryThe Cost-Benefit Advantage of Urban ResilienceBuilding Resilient CitiesThe Dubai Government’s Role during the COVID-19 PandemicChoosing the Governance DesignA Planned and Collaborative Effort toAchieve Resilience in TokyoCities’ Resilience FeaturesConclusionAppendixContactsEndnotesThe Resilience ImperativeThe Attributes and Measurement of Urban ResilienceHazards, Vulnerabilities, and Institutional Gaps in MENA Cities 0107252329333537385047030913 ExecutiveSummary1 The COVID-19 pandemic has been a severe test ofthe ability of cities to withstand unexpected shocks,and has strained economic, health, social, and urbaninfrastructures to the limit. Beyond the pandemic,exposure to natural and human-caused hazards isexpected to increase in frequency and scale due toclimate change and rapid urbanization. In the MiddleEast and North Africa (MENA) region, the numberof natural disasters per year has tripled since the1980s, affecting over 40 million people.1Cities arealso exposed to violence and cyber-attacks. Buildingurban resilience is therefore an imperative.Strategy& has developed an evidence-based urbanresilience framework that enables cities to assesstheir: 1. exposure to hazards; 2. vulnerabilities; and3. institutional capacities to respond, recover, andtransform in the face of shocks. The framework issupported by 131 key performance indicators (KPIs)and a detailed qualitative checklist.We have employed this framework to analyze theurban resilience of nine cities within the MENAregion and 11 comparable cities in other regions.Cities in the MENA region display various degrees ofvulnerabilities among their basic needs and social,economic, and environmental components. Theyare at risk of not being able to secure emergencycare and affordable housing for their citizens. MostMENA cities have low levels of cohesion, inclusion,and social protection. Their public finances are weak,innovation is poorly developed, and consumption andproduction levels are unsustainable.MENA cities should respond by developing “resilienceblueprints” to build the institutional capacitiesthat can help them reduce exposure to threats andminimize vulnerabilities. In particular, they shouldimprove their recovery capacities — i.e. the abilityto adapt and recover fast from a shock. They shouldalso build transformative capacities which will allowthem to innovate and advance economically andtechnologically, thus preventing or minimizing theeffects of future crises. The ResilienceImperative3 Urbanization is a defining trend of the 21stcentury, a trend fraught with risk, as theCOVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated.As the world continues to urbanize,considerable attention needs to be paidto cities’ resilience as a critical enabler ofsustainable urban growth.The world’s urban population is growing continuously.Some 55 percent of the global population lives in cities,and this is expected to reach 68 percent by 2050.2Inthe MENA region, the urban population quadrupledbetween 1970 and 2010.3Of course, cities are the heartof the economy. They generate economic development,innovation, and growth, accounting for almost 80percent of global GDP. Cities also have the opportunity toenhance societal well-being.However, fast-growing cities are particularly at risk whenit comes to natural and human-caused threats, such asflooding, air pollution, and crime. Too often, such citieshave highly concentrated poverty and unemployment,income disparity, overcrowding, water scarcity, andexcess demand for public goods and services. Urbanareas also produce 70 percent of greenhouse gasemissions and global waste, and account for over 60percent of global energy consumption.55%70%of the globalpopulationlives in citiesof greenhousegas emissionsand global wasteproduced byurban areasof the globalpopulationexpected to livein cities by 2050of global energyconsumptionaccounted forby cities68%60% of global GDPcontributedby cities80% Growing HazardsThe world is becoming more prone to hazards. Between2000 and 2019, there were around 7,344 naturaldisasters globally. These claimed 1.23 million livesand displaced about 235 mil