实现净零排放的途径：各国政府的优先事项

in collaboration with The World Government Summit is a global platform dedicated toshaping the future of governments worldwide. Each year, the Summitsets the agenda for the next generation of governments with a focuson how they can harness innovation and technology to solve universalchallenges facing humanity.The World Government Summit is a knowledge exchange center at theintersection of government, futurism, technology, and innovation. Itfunctions as a thought leadership platform and networking hub forpolicymakers, experts and pioneers in human development.The Summit is a gateway to the future as it functions as the stage foranalysis of future trends, concerns, and opportunities facing humanity.It is also an arena to showcase innovations, best practice, and smartsolutions to inspire creativity to tackle these future challenges.To Inspireand EnableThe Next Generationof GovernmentsWorld Government Summit Table of Contents1.Context and Introduction3.The UAE’s Net-Zero Pledge: A New Paradigm4.Net-Zero Implementation Framework for GovernmentsTopics2.Country Priorities and ApproachesUnited KingdomAustraliaUnited StatesEnergyIndustrialsMobilityThe EnvironmentNet-Zero FrameworkGovernanceNet-Zero Policy and RegulationsR&D and InnovationCollaboration and EcosystemTechnologyFunding and IncentivesConsumer Awareness BuildingCapability Building5.Implications and Focus Areas for GovernmentsConclusion 01091903050607111315172020212121222224242527 Net zero and decarbonization have evolved from plainslogans for both governments and companies worldwideinto signed-off commitments by the highest authoritiesin each sector. There is simply no going back. The task inhand is immense, but with the will, the technologies andthe strategies all developing apace, there has never beena better time for governments to turn the tide on climatechange and realize their own national ambitions for thefuture.Commitments to achieving net-zeroemissions were made by over 130countries by the end of the 26th UNClimate Change Conference of theParties (COP26) held in Glasgow inlate 2021 (COP26, 2021)1. The pledgesfollowed the earlier COP25 call for allcountries to update their NationallyDetermined Contributions (NDCs) for2030 in a concerted effort to curbthe global temperature increase to1.5°C (COP25, 2019)2.1.Context and Introduction At COP 26, countries were also compelled to settheir net-zero targets for 2050, with a clearstipulation that developed countries and thelargest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters take thelead (COP26, 2021)3. The call waswell-founded: some 68% of global emissionsare generated by 10 countries or blocs,including China, the US, EU countries, India, theRussian Federation, Japan, Brazil, Indonesia,Iran and Canada.On the private sector front, at COP26, the GlobalFinancial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ)announced that its participants had committed$130 trillion of private capital to transform theeconomy to net-zero (GFANZ, 2021)4. Beyondthis climate finance and investment pledge, theprivate sector has also taken responsibility forsupporting climate governance to informnational net-zero commitment programs andsecuring carbon credits in order to comply withmandatory requirements to achieve net-zerotargets. Hence, there is resolve by companies tosupport nations on their respective ‘road tozero’ journeys.Given these promising developments, it isimperative that governments have a well-definedroadmap for their net-zero commitments basedon country-specific priorities and supported by arobust implementation framework. Thisframework should ensure (i) pan-countryplanning (broadness), (ii) timely involvement ofconcerned stakeholders (inclusiveness), (iii)constant provisioning and development ofrequired financial and human resources(sustainability), (iv) effective and trustedprogress monitoring and reporting (credibility),and last but certainly not least, (v) currentcontinuous improvement measures (excellence).Guaranteeing these implementation elementswill allow countries to avoid unwarrantedchallenges while spearheading a collectivenational effort to advance towards a net-zerostate by the committed date. World Government Summit More than 130 countries havenow set or are considering atarget of reducing emissionsto net zero by 2050 - and withgood reason. Global CO2emissions reached 35.962 Gtons in 2021, according to theEuropean Union's JointResearch Centre, with 80% ofthese emissions generated by~ 20 countries (OECD, 2021).The G20 economies of theworld account for around 80%of global GHG emissions.2.Country Prioritiesand Approaches Different countries have outlined theirpriorities, programs and mechanisms accordingto the structures of their economies and theobjectives they have set. We have evaluated afew of these countries' efforts - including a mixof developed, resource-rich and serviceeconomies - to draw key lessons that othercountries may learn from as they embark ontheir respective net-zero journeys.Against this challenging backdrop,