让早期预警为所有人服务：以人为本的设计

GSMA Mobile for HumanitarianInnovationThe GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation programmeworks to accelerate the delivery and impact of digitalhumanitarian assistance. This is achieved by buildinga learning and research agenda to inform the future ofdigital humanitarian response, catalysing partnershipsand innovation for new digital humanitarian services,advocating for enabling policy environments, monitoringand evaluating performance, disseminating insights andprofiling achievements.Learn more atwww.gsma.com/m4hor contact usatm4h@gsma.comSusanna Acland, GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation programmeWe would like to thank 17 Triggers and other contributors to our report Enhancing Inclusion in Mobile-Enabled RiskCommunications: Lessons from South Africa, originally published in June 2024 and repurposed for this publication. GSMAThe GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments andsocietal change. Our vision is to unlock the full powerof connectivity so that people, industry and societythrive. Representing mobile operators and organisationsacross the mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries,the GSMA delivers for its members across three broadpillars: Connectivity for Good, Industry Services andSolutions, and Outreach. This activity includes advancingpolicy, tackling today’s biggest societal challenges,underpinning the technology and interoperability thatmake mobile work, and providing the world’s largestplatform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWCand M360 series of events.We invite you to find out more atwww.gsma.comThis material has been funded by UK InternationalDevelopment from the UK government and is supportedby the GSMA and its members.The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UKgovernment’s official policies.Authors:Tyler Tappendorf, TAPT4 Design ConsultingAcknowledgements: ContentsAcronyms and abbreviationsExecutive summaryIntroductionLessons from human-centred design research in South Africaand TanzaniaUser insightsSystem designSocial and cultural factorsThe human-centred design research processPre-fieldwork landscape mappingChoosing analytical frameworksSelecting locations and participants for field research activitiesConducting user researchTools and research methods for designing early warning systemsPersona buildingChannel, influencer and digital mappingAgree/Disagree cardsTesting icons, colours, symbols and terminologyCrazy Eights prototype buildingPitch testingMindsets for successful human-centred design researchConclusion 23566678891011121314151617181920 Acronyms and abbreviationsCCWCo-Creation WorkshopEW4AllEarly Warnings for AllEWSEarly Warning SystemFGDFocus Group DiscussionHCDHuman-Centred DesignIFRCInternational Federation of RedCross and Red Crescent Societies Mobile for Humanitarian InnovationMulti-Hazard Early Warning SystemMobile Network OperatorSouth African Red Cross SocietyTanzania Red Cross SocietyUnited Nations Office for DisasterRisk ReductionWorld Meteorological Organization2 / 22 M4HMHEWSMNOSARCSTRCSUNDRRWMO Executive summaryAs climate-related disasters intensify, the need foreffective and inclusive early warning systems (EWS)has never been more urgent. The effectiveness ofan EWS is not just about the technology or thenumber of people it reaches, it is about its ability todrive meaningful action at the community level. Toensure EWS are trusted, understood, and acted upon,they must be designed with the lived experiences,preferences and challenges of communities in mind.Recognising this, the GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian(M4H) programme conducted research in SouthAfrica and Tanzania, in partnership with national RedCross Societies, as part of the Early Warnings for All(EW4All) initiative. In South Africa, research teamsfocused on how EWS can be more inclusive andreach marginalised populations like migrants, womenand older people. In Tanzania, the objective was toidentify community preferences to make EWS moreeffective.Through these projects, the M4H team leveragedhuman-centred design (HCD) approaches to putpeople at the centre of EWS design. These exercisesengaged communities deeply and iteratively, usingcreative research tools to develop tailored solutions.The research reinforced that designing people-centred EWS requires more than issuing alerts,it requires multi-faceted solutions that align withthesocial, cultural and behavioural dynamics thatinfluence whether individuals take action.Ongoing discussions with EWS stakeholders indicatethat similar research is in high demand worldwide,with governments, nonprofits and the private sectorworking to understand how to help communitiesprepare for the growing threats of climate changeand rapid-onset weather disasters. As global effortsto expand EWS continue under the EW4All initiative,this report illustrates how HCD research can beapplied in other contexts to inform EWS design andoffers a practical roadmap fo