生物多样性信贷市场高层指导原则

DisclaimerThis document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.©2025 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system.ContentsForewordExecutive summaryIntroduction1 High-level principles to guide the biodiversity credit market1.1 Verified positive outcomes for nature1.2 Equity and fairness for people1.3 Good governance for high-integrity marketsConclusionAppendix: Glossary of termsContributorsEndnotes 34589141719202325High-Level Principles to Guide the Biodiversity Credit Market ForewordAkanksha KhatriHead, Nature and Biodiversity,World Economic ForumSylvie GoulardCo-Chair, International AdvisoryPanel on Biodiversity CreditsBiodiversity is in crisis. More than a millionplant and animal species are under the threatof extinction, and the rate of biodiversity lossglobally is estimated to be 100 to 1,000 timeshigher than the background extinction rate.1Thisglobal biodiversity crisis is significant, not onlyfor the survival of countless species but also forhuman well-being. Biodiversity is essential for ourexistence on this planet. We rely on it for thingsbig and small, ranging from the stability of our foodand water systems to the benefits for emotionaland mental well-being that nature can bring. Thenatural world is also deeply culturally and spirituallysignificant for many. In particular, IndigenousPeoples and local communities have beenstewards of the natural world for millennia, and areat the forefront of protecting and maintaining theworld’s biodiversity.Slowing down, halting and reversing this crisiswill require the mobilization of vast amounts offinance. The biodiversity finance gap is estimatedat $700 billion a year. Both the public and privatesectors have important roles in addressing thisgap and ensuring the restoration and conservationof biodiversity. Governments and the publicsector have a particularly important part to play inpreserving and funding biodiversity conservation byreducing harmful subsidies and tackling pollutionand trafficking. Target 19 of the Kunming-MontrealGlobal Biodiversity Framework calls for an increasein funding from all sectors to $200 billion per year,and Target 19c calls for the leveraging of privatefinance, by encouraging the private sector to raiseresources and invest in biodiversity. Biodiversitycredits are one potential mechanism that canhelp encourage this investment, and Target 19dspecifically calls for the development of biodiversitycredits as a tool that can help mobilize finance.The positive impact of biodiversity credits goesbeyond biodiversity and contributes to theachievement of the United Nations SustainableDevelopment Goals. When properly designed, High-Level Principles to Guide the Biodiversity Credit Market Amelia FawcettCo-Chair, International AdvisoryPanel on Biodiversity CreditsManesh LacoulGlobal Coordinator, BiodiversityCredit Alliancebiodiversity credit projects can also bring social andeconomic benefits, contribute to climate mitigationand adaptation, help strengthen human health andwell-being, and change the relationship betweencorporates, the natural world and its stewards.Nature-based credits have drawn scrutiny in recentyears, especially around verification of the benefitsthey claim to bring and their impacts on IndigenousPeoples and local communities. However, giventhe scale and urgency of the twin climate changeand biodiversity crises, all possible tools need tobe used and steps taken to ensure that they areas robust as possible. Due consideration must begiven to how this emerging market can be shaped,such that high-quality and high-integrity biodiversitycredits that drive genuinely positive outcomes fornature are the default rather than the exception, andthe claims made regarding these credits are validAt the same time, despite their outsized role innature protection and conservation, IndigenousPeoples and local communities have historicallybeen left out of public and private financeearmarked for biodiversity conservation. Any marketfor nature-based credits must involve IndigenousPeoples and local communities in the design andoversight of these markets. This must includerespecting and prioritizing the rights of IndigenousPeoples and local communities, including their rightto self-determination and free, prior and informedconsent (FPIC). The high-level principles, producedthrough a collaborative and participatory process,are an attempt to do that, by outlining key principlesthat create a framework for high-quality credits. Th