莫桑比克少女致富之路

Pathways to prosperityfor adolescent girls inMozambique Mozambique is a low-income, conflict-affectedcountry that stands out among African nations forthe heightened vulnerability of its adolescent girls(ages 10–19), marked by low school enrolment,high rates of early marriage and childbearing,and limited economic opportunities. The countryexhibits significant disparities across variousdimensions, including gender, rural-urban divides,and socio-economic status.Like other African countries, investing inadolescent girls’ empowerment in Mozambiquecould yield substantial returns through increasedproductivity, innovation, and economic growth.Estimates suggest that investing in adolescentgirls in Mozambique between now and 2040 couldgenerate more than an estimated $80 billion inadditional income for a cost of around $13 billion.At the continent level, the “Pathways to Prosperityfor Adolescent girls in Africa”1report estimatesthat similar investments across Africa couldgenerate more than $2.4 trillion in additionalincome for a cost of around $200 billion (Ajayi andKoussoubé, 2024).1. Mozambique at a GlanceA. Country contextFigure 1: Cross-country differences in Adolescent girls’ experiences in AfricaNote: Data for adolescent girls aged 15-19.Source: Original figure for this publication, based on data from USAID’s latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), https://www.dhsprogram.com 2Low marriage/childbearing,moderate to high schoolingHigh schooling, low workparticipationHigh work participation,low schoolingHigh marriage/childbearing,low schoolingModerate levels across allindicators The “Pathways to Prosperity for Adolescent girlsin Africa”4report identifies key policy priorities forcountries as Mozambique where adolescent girlsface multiple vulnerabilities:→Improving girls’ educational attainment→Improving prevention and response togender-based violence, particularly inschools→Reducing early marriage and teenagepregnancy→Strengthening the legal and policyframeworkThe report provides curated evidence on targetedinterventions that can help Mozambique maximizead-hoc investment in girls’ education and strongerlegal and policy frameworks through improvedhuman capital outcomes, reduced child marriageand gender-based violence, with particular focusfor conflict affected areas.B. Key development indicators:3C. Key policy opportunities:Note: Data for adolescent girls aged 15-19.Source: Original figure for this publication, based on data from USAID’s latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), https://www.dhsprogram.comand Women, Business and the Law 2024 https://wbl.worldbank.org/en/reports .24.55722.373.451.53565176145020406080Supportive frameworkindex (WBL, 2024)Legal framework index(WBL, 2024)Economic engagementMarriage and childbearingSchool enrollmentMozambiqueAfricaOwns a mobile phone Girls 2. Understanding Adolescent Girls’PathwaysA. Different pathways to empowermentData reveal how adolescent girls in Mozambique follow different pathwaysto empowerment, aligning with five key profiles identified in the Pathways toProsperity Report framework (see Ajayi and Koussoubé, 2024).→Grace’s path (In School, Not Working, NotMarried, No Child): this pathway representsthe largest group in southern provinces,especially in Maputo Province and Maputo city(respectively 59.3% and 56.8%). However, thispathway becomes significantly less common fornorthern provinces, and is the lowest in CaboDelgado (22.1%).→Imani’s path (In School and Working,Not Married, No Child): despite not beingpredominant in the country, this combinationshows considerable variation across provinces,with the province of Inhambane havingconsiderable proportion of girls balancingschool and work (14.3%). The pathway is verylow in the provinces of Niassa (1.6%) andZambezia (2.3%) and Manica (2.2%).→Mariam’s path (Not in School, Not Working,Not Married, No Child): this vulnerablepathway remains present in all provinces butwith variations, signaling risk of early marriageand requiring targeted policy attention.Zambezia is the province with the highestshare of girls that are neither in school norworking (27.5%), followed by Central (19.4%)and Niassa (18.5%).→Chantal’s path (Not in School, Working,Not Married, No Child): this pathway isnot prevalent across provinces, being mostcommon in Central (13.5%) and Maputo city(10.8%). Overall low rates across the countrymay suggest barriers in accessing economicopportunities for girls.→Aya’s path (Not in School, Not Working,Married with Children): this very vulnerablepathway shows prevalence across the majorityof the provinces with very high rates in CaboDelgado (27.3%), Nampula (26.2%), Manica(24.7%), highlighting prevalence of earlymarriage and adolescent childbearing in thecountry.→Other (Married or with Child): this pathwayis the second largest across all provincesafter Grace’s pathway. This is particularly highin the provinces of Cabo Delgado and Sofala(respectively 36.2% and 30.9%) as well inNiassa and Central (26.1% and