英国洪水风险管理

Swenja Surminski,London School of EconomicsSara Mehryar, London School of EconomicsMaryam Golnaraghi, The Geneva AssociationFlood Risk Managementin EnglandBuilding flood resilience in a changing climate The Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; ourmembers are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted incollaboration with our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to identifyand investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlighting whatis at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform toour members, policymakers, academics, multilateral and non-governmental organisations to discuss these trendsand recommendations; reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlight the positivecontributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to building resilient and prosperous economies andsocieties, and thus a more sustainable world.Published by The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, Zurich.The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance EconomicsTalstrasse 70, CH-8001 ZurichEmail: secretariat@genevaassociation.org | Tel: +41 44 200 49 00 | Fax: +41 44 200 49 99 2www.genevaassociation.orgJune 2020Flood risk management in England© The Geneva AssociationPhoto credits:Cover page—Matt Rakowski / Shutterstock.comPage 19—DimiJeckov / Shutterstock.comPage 20—Lee Dyche / Shutterstock.comPage 34—Ceri Breeze / Shutterstock.com Contents1.Executive summary2.Introduction3.Drivers of flood risk in England3.1.Population growth and development3.2.Climate change4.Flood resilience in England: An emerging concern4.1.Roles and responsibilities of national agencies4.2.Key legislation underpinning flood risk management in England4.3.The impact of flooding on critical infrastructure4.4.Climate change and future risks5.Flood risk management in England5.1.Flood risk information, communication and awareness5.2.Early warnings and emergency preparedness5.3.Risk reduction measures5.4.Risk prevention through planning policy and land use5.5.Disaster risk financing measures within government budgets5.6.Flood insurance and other risk transfer solutions5.7.Post-flood response, recovery and reconstruction6.Towards an all-of-society approach to flood risk management6.1.Cross-sectoral collaboration6.2.Behaviour, perceptions and incentives7.Conclusions: Successes, continued challenges and lessons learnedReferencesAnnexQuestions used for mapping and analysing the evolution of flood risk management 3Flood Risk Management in England15161617171718192020242628303133353537394247 4www.genevaassociation.orgAcknowledgementsMaryam Golnaraghi, Director of Climate Change and Emerging EnvironmentalTopics at The Geneva Association, is the lead investigator and coordinatingauthor of the project.We are grateful to Munich Re's NatCatSERVICE for providing critical data for this projectand would like to extend our special thanks to Petra Löw and Sabine Schlüter-Mayr (Mu-nich Re) for supporting us in this process. We would like to thank Aviva for hosting a jointroundtable with The Geneva Association, inviting various stakeholders for a discussion onflood risk management in the U.K., which provided critical input to this report. We extendour gratitude to the members of the Geneva Association Flood Project Advisory Teamfor providing invaluable insight on the overall design of the project, including Shiraj Khan(AIG), Wolfgang Kron (Munich Re, retired), Leigh Wolfrom (Organisation for EconomicCooperation and Development – OECD), Darius Pissulla (Hannover Re), Michael Szoenyi(Zurich Insurance), Mandy Dennison (Intact Financial), Masaaki Nagamura (TokioMarine), Jacki Johnson (IAG), Alan Milroy (AXA XL), Iain Hamilton (Aviva) and XiaotingHu (Tokio Marine Technologies). The following experts provided valuable input byparticipating in discussions, interviews and the review process: Mark Shepherd and LauraHughes (Association of British Insurers), Iain Hamilton and Liz Chettleburgh (Aviva),Graham Brogden (formerly of Aviva), David Rochester (Halifax), Cameron Rye (formerlyof SCOR), Charles Whitmore (Guy Carpenter), Jonathan Gascoigne (formerly of WillisTower Watson), Alan Milroy (AXA XL), Steve Wragg (York City Council ), Joseph Priestleyand Michael Szoenyi (Zurich Insurance), Paul Mackie (Coastal Partnership East), RobbieCraig (Department for Environment, Fisheries and Rural Affairs - DEFRA), Clare Dinnisand Martin Smalls (UK Environment Agency), Matthew Jupp (UK Finance), Sam Dansey,Dermot Kehoe and Emma Bergin (Flood Re) and Leigh Wolfram (OECD). We would liketo thank members of The Geneva Association Working Group on Climate Change andEmerging Environmental Topics for their review a