加拿大洪水风险管理

Maryam Golnaraghi(lead investigator of the flood risk management report series and coordinatingauthor), The Geneva AssociationJason Thistlethwaite(lead author of the report), University of WaterlooDaniel Henstra, University of WaterlooCraig Stewart, Insurance Bureau of CanadaFlood Risk Management in CanadaBuilding flood resilience in a changing climate 1Flood Risk Management in Canada The Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; ourmembers are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted incollaboration with our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to identifyand investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlighting whatis at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform toour members, policymakers, academics, multilateral and non-governmental organisations to discuss these trendsand recommendations; reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlight the positivecontributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to building resilient and prosperous economies andsocieties, and thus a more sustainable world.Published by The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, Zurich.The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance EconomicsTalstrasse 70, CH-8001 ZurichEmail: secretariat@genevaassociation.org | Tel: +41 44 200 49 00 | Fax: +41 44 200 49 99 2www.genevaassociation.orgDecember 2020Flood Risk Management in Canada© The Geneva AssociationPhoto credits:Cover page—Bob Hilscher, Shutterstock. Contents1.Executive summary2.Introduction3.Flood risk in Canada3.1.Types and impacts of flood risk3.2.Drivers of flood risk4.Evolution of flood risk management in Canada4.1.Major floods driving FRM action4.2.Institutional roles and responsibilities4.3.Legislative action and programmes5.Components of flood risk management in Canada5.1.Flood risk information, communication and awareness5.2.Early warnings and emergency preparedness5.3.Preparedness and response5.4.Risk reduction5.5.Prevention through development planning and land use5.6.Property-level protection measures5.7.Risk financing5.8.Flood risk transfer: Insurance in Canada5.9.Reconstruction6.Towards an all-of-society approach to flood risk management6.1.Limits of the current approach6.2.Intersectoral collaboration in the insurance industry6.3.Cross-sectoral collaboration6.4.Towards a national action plan on flooding7.Conclusion: Successes, continued challenges and lessons learnedReferencesAnnexesAnnex 1: Overarching questions used for mapping and analysing the evolution of flood risk managementAnnex 2: Framework for assessing flood risk management systems 3Flood Risk Management in Canada5161717192121222529293334343538404143444444454648515862 4www.genevaassociation.orgAcknowledgementsWe are grateful to Munich Re's NatCatSERVICE for providing critical data for thisproject and would like to extend our special thanks to Petra Löw and Sabine Schlüter-Mayr (Munich Re) for supporting us in this process. We extend our deepest thanks toIntact Financial for providing the financial support that has enabled the development ofthis report and to Mandy Dennison (Intact Financial) for hosting the first consultationwith FRM stakeholders in Canada to support the analysis. The Geneva AssociationFlood Project Advisory Team provided invaluable insights on the overall design of theproject, including Shiraj Khan (formerly of AIG), Wolfgang Kron (Munich Re, retired),Leigh Wolfrom (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development – OECD),Darius Pissulla (Hannover Re), Cameron Rye (formerly of SCOR), Michael Szoenyi(Zurich Insurance Company), Mandy Dennison (Intact Financial), Masaaki Nagamura(Tokio Marine), Jacki Johnson (IAG), Alan Milroy (AXA XL), Iain Hamilton (Aviva) andXiaoting Hu (Tokio Marine Technologies). Licelott Carvajal (former intern, The GenevaAssociation) contributed to the analysis of this report. We extend our deepest gratitudeto the following Canadian experts who engaged in the discussions, provided inputand/or reviewed this report: Stéphanie Durand, Matthew Godsoe and Erin Gee (PublicSafety Canada); Robin Bourke (Natural Resources Canada); Natalia Moudrak andJoanna Eyquem (Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo); AnnaZiolecki (Partners for Action, University of Waterloo); David Etkin (York University);Andrei Belik, Jonathan Gadoury, Laura Willett and Gerry Lashley (Intact Financial);Shawna Peddle (The Cooperators); and Chris Rol (Insurance Bureau of Canada). Wewould like to thank all members of The Geneva Association Working Group on ClimateChange and Emerging Environmental Topics for their support, with particular thanks toJennifer Waldner, Anthony Zobl and J