网络战争与恐怖主义：迈向共同语言以促进保险

Rachel Anne Carter,Director Cyber, The Geneva AssociationJulian Enoizi, CEO, Pool Reinsurance Company Limited, and Secretariat,International Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance PoolsCyber War and Terrorism:Towards a common languageto promote insurability The Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; ourmembers are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted incollaboration with our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to identifyand investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlighting whatis at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform toour members, policymakers, academics, multilateral and non-governmental organisations to discuss these trendsand recommendations; reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlight the positivecontributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to building resilient and prosperous economies andsocieties, and thus a more sustainable world.Cyber War and Terrorism: Towards a common language to promote insurabilityPublished by The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, Zurich.Cover page—Aleksandr Pobedimskiy / Shutterstock.comInternational Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance PoolsThe International Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance Pools (IFTRIP) is a collaboration between global terrorism(re)insurance pools. It was formally ratified at the National Terrorism Reinsurance Pools Congress organised by theAustralian Reinsurance Pool Corporation (ARPC) in Canberra in October 2016. The organisation was founded with thegoal of promoting initiatives for closer international collaboration and sharing expertise and experience to combatthe threat of potential major economic loss resulting from terrorism. The activities of IFTRIP include facilitating arange of international cross-organisational working groups, collective impact initiatives and international events,including an annual conference where a community of experts from the industry alongside business decision-makersensure delegates stay up to date with the latest thinking and discussions around the risks posed by extreme events.IFTRIP is governed by the IFTRIP charter and is bound by local and international regulations. 2www.genevaassociation.orgJuly 2020© The Geneva AssociationPhoto credits: Contents1.Executive summary2.Introduction3.Current terminology and concepts3.1.War3.2.Terrorism4.Hostile cyber activity5.Principal types of loss6.Limitations7.Conclusions 3Cyber War and Terrorism: Towards a common language to promote insurability812121314171920 4www.genevaassociation.orgAcknowledgementsThe authors (Rachel Anne Carter and Julian Enoizi) first wish to thank ChristianWells, General Counsel of Pool Re, for leading the expert group on commonlanguage. The authors also extend their gratitude to the members of the cyberterrorism and cyber war (CTCW) task force and those who contributed to thisproject.Leadership team:Chuck Jainchill (AIG); Daniel Mesfin (Allianz); Christian Wells andChris Yeates (Pool Re and IFTRIP); Matthew Harrison (Hiscox); Tony Ellwood (Lloyd’sMarket Association); Cyrus Delarami and Rory Egan (Munich Re); Szymon Mitoraj(PZU); and Eric Durand (Swiss Re).CTCW experts:Jannice Koch (Allianz); Anna Fenech, John Park and Christopher Wallace(ARPC and President of IFTRIP); Neil Arklie (Aviva); Alexandra Maunie and Mathieu Cousin(AXA); Peter Zimmerli (Axis Capital); Francois Vilnet (GAREAT and IFTRIP); Dennis Sno(Hannover Re); Philip Lienau (HDI Global); Matthew Webb (Hiscox); Ed Butler (Pool Reand IFTRIP); Daniel Largacha Lamela (MAPFRE); Franz Gromotka (Munich Re); ChrisMcEvoy (Partner Re); Masashi Yamashita (Sompo Holdings, Inc); Sie Liang and AlexanderBosch (SCOR); Kei Kato (Tokio Marine); and Sandro Senaldi (Vittoria Assicurazioni). Foreword 5Cyber War and Terrorism: Towards a common language to promote insurabilityUntil recently, cyber risk was perhaps the most pertinent and certainly one of the mostcontentious threats in re/insurance. It would be a mistake to assume that the gravechallenges posed by the coronavirus pandemic in any way relegate those posed by cyberrisk. If anything, the spread of COVID-19 is an acute reminder that our globalised worldhas become interconnected to the point where an obscure biological virus from a singlesource can rapidly trigger economic and cultural disruption not witnessed since theSecond World War. With our reliance on technology and intangible networks only set toincrease, the next virus to so aggressively threaten our global economy and way of lifemay well be digital.The current crisis has underscored the importance of linguistic clarity in there/insurance industry. Litigation and reputational damage