为敌对网络活动提供保险：寻求可持续的解决方案

Rachel Anne Carter,Managing Director, Carter Insurance InnovationsDarren Pain,Director Cyber and Evolving Liability, The Geneva AssociationJulian Enoizi, CEO, Pool Re, and Secretary, International Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance PoolsInsuring Hostile Cyber Activity:In search of sustainable solutions 1Insuring Hostile Cyber Activity: In search of sustainable solutions 2www.genevaassociation.orgThe Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; ourmembers are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conductedin collaboration with our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is toidentify and investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future,highlighting what is at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers;provide a platform to our members, policymakers, academics, multilateral and non-governmental organisationsto discuss these trends and recommendations; reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisationsto highlight the positive contributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to building resilient andprosperous economies and societies, and thus a more sustainable world.International Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance PoolsThe International Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance Pools (IFTRIP) is a collaboration between global terrorism(re)insurance pools. It was formally ratified at the National Terrorism Reinsurance Pools Congress organised by theAustralian Reinsurance Pool Corporation (ARPC) in Canberra in October 2016. The organisation was founded with thegoal of promoting initiatives for closer international collaboration and sharing expertise and experience to combatthe threat of potential major economic loss resulting from terrorism. The activities of IFTRIP include facilitating arange of international cross-organisational working groups, collective impact initiatives and international events,including an annual conference where a community of experts from the industry alongside business decision-makersensure delegates stay up to date with the latest thinking and discussions around the risks posed by extreme events.IFTRIP is governed by the IFTRIP charter and is bound by local and international regulations.Geneva Association publications:Pamela Corn, Director CommunicationsHannah Dean, Editor and Content ManagerPetr Neugebauer, Digital Media ManagerSuggested citation: The Geneva Association. 2022.Insuring Hostile Cyber Activity: In search of sustainable solutions.Authors: Rachel Anne Carter, Darren Pain and Julian Enoizi.January.© The Geneva Association, 2022 All rights reservedwww.genevaassociation.orgPhoto credits:Cover page— Den Rise / Shutterstock.com ContentsForeword1.Executive summary2.The emerging cyber risk landscape2.1Evolving threats and vulnerabilities2.2The cyber insurance market2.3Hostile cyber activity3.Quantifying HCA risks3.1Realistic disaster scenarios3.2Uncertainty around quantification3.3Obstacles to modelling and quantifying HCA risks4.Assessing the insurability of HCA and alternative risk transfer options4.1Boundaries between insurable and uninsurable risks4.2Enlarging market capacity for insurable risks5.Public-sector solutions to catalyse future market development5.1Designing a government-backed insurance solution for HCA5.2International operability and potential for cross-jurisdictional PPPs6.ConclusionsAppendixCharacteristics of existing PPPs for selected insurance risksReferences 3Insuring Hostile Cyber Activity: In search of sustainable solutions5688101216161819212122252632333440 4www.genevaassociation.orgAcknowledgementsThe report’s authors wish to extend their gratitude to the following collaborators:Expert leadership and contributory authors•Peter Zimmerli, AXIS Capital•Rory Egan, Munich ReAdvisory team•Chuck Jainchill, AIG•Daniel Mesfin, Allianz•Christian Wells, Pool Re and IFTRIP•Tony Ellwood, Lloyd’s Market Association•Cyrus Delarami and Franz Gromotka, Munich ReCyber terrorism/cyber war experts•Neil Arklie, Aviva•Alexandra Maunie, AXA•Francois Vilnet, GAREAT and IFTRIP•Dennis Sno, Hannover Re•Philipp Lienau, HDI Global•Jeremy Cottle, Lloyd’s•Daniel Largacha Lamela, MAPFRE•Chris McEvoy, Partner Re•Sie Liang and Alexander Bosch, SCOR•Kei Kato, Tokio Marine•Masashi Yamashita, SompoExternal interlocutors and contributors•Raveem Ismail, ASR Re•Jon Bateman, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace•Rebecca Bole, CyberCube•Yakir Golan, Kovrr•Steve Coates, Pool Re•Gordon Woo and Matt Harrison, RMS•Richard Ifft, TRIP and IFTRIP•Achim Jansen, DKVG, Extremus and IFTRIP•Joerg Stapf, Extremus and IFTRIP•Bethany Vohlers and Felipe Gerhard, Verisk From Risk Transfer to Risk PreventionInsuring Hostile Cyber Activity: In search of sustainable solutionsForeword The cyber insurance market continues to evolve