发展和提升南亚制造业和工业部门的技能

This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the soleresponsibility of the International Organisation of Employers (IOE) and do not necessarily reflect the views of theEuropean Union. Table of contentsExecutive SummaryIntroductionCurrent LandscapeChallengesOpportunitiesRecommendationsRecommendations for GovernmentsRecommendations for Employers and EMBOsRecommendations to Achieve International, Regional,and National CollaborationConclusionCase StudiesAnnex 1. Best Practices in IndiaAnnex 2. Best Practices in Other South Asian Countries 4678101212151617181821 Executive Summary1https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:4347381As the industrial sector undergoes rapidtransformations driven by technologicaladvancements, it is crucial to address theevolving needs of the workforce. This policyreview focuses on apprenticeship andwork-based learning (WBL) best practices,drawing insights from India and other SouthAsian countries. By examining successfulmodels, recommendations can be proposedfor policymakers and industry stakeholdersto ensure a skilled and adaptable industrialworkforce for the future.The current state of the industrial sectorworkforce in India and South Asia reflectsa dynamic landscape marked by rapidtechnological advancements and evolvingskill requirements. As industries in theseregions strive to stay competitive on theglobal stage, there is a pressing need toalign the workforce with the demands of themodern economy. Apprenticeship and WBLare crucial strategies in shaping a future-ready workforce.The future of the workforce in the industrialand manufacturing sectors relies onproactive and collaborative efforts bygovernments and employers to addressthe challenges posed by technologicaladvancements, and other drivers such asclimate change. By adopting and adaptingsuccessful apprenticeship and WBL models,policymakers and stakeholders canensure a skilled, nimble, and future-readyindustrial workforce.Apprenticeships, as defined by the ILO, area form of structured training “consisting ofboth on-the-job and off-the-job learning”that has emerged as a vital mechanismfor fostering skills.1Apprenticeships andWBL bridge the gap between theoreticalknowledge and practical application, fostering a holistic approach to skilldevelopment. The Recommendations in thisreport align with the International LabourOrganization’s (ILO) Recommendation onQuality Apprenticeships (R208).Key recommendations include enhancingthe effectiveness of policies, increaseaccessibility, promotion, and providingincentives both for learners and companies.They outline action points to encouragethe uptake of apprenticeships and WBL torender them a more accessible pathwayfor learners of all ages, not just youngapprentices.The future of theworkforce in theindustrial andmanufacturing sectorsrelies on proactive andcollaborative effortsby governments andemployers to addressthe challenges posedby technologicaladvancements, andother drivers such asclimate change. Recommendation for Governments:•Promote effective policies and an enabling environment for businesses to takeon apprentices• Promote formalisation of informal economy workers• Improve MSMEs’ participation• Provide incentives for employers and apprentices• Strengthen apprenticeship programmes through intermediary support whereneeded• Address knowledge gaps• Support lifelong learning opportunitiesRecommendations for Employers and EMBOs:• Invest in trainers• Help improve the general image and attractiveness of apprenticeships andvocational education• Promote and run mentorship programmes• Work with governments at the state and federal levels to enhance inclusivity,equality and accessibilityRecommendations to achieve international, regional, andnational collaboration:• Strengthen industry-academic collaboration• Create recognition mechanisms for employers• Promote regional cooperation and knowledge exchange Introduction2https://library.fes.de/libalt/journals/swetsfulltext/16363789.pdf3https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/135478609027859484https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_831141.pdf5https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:4347381South Asia, a region characterised byits diverse economies and burgeoningindustrial sectors, is confronted with thechallenge of equipping their workforcewith the skills necessary to navigate thecomplexities of modern industry. Drivenby conducive investment environments,strategic geographic locations, and agrowing labour force, the region’s movefrom resource-based towards export-focused economies contributed tosignificant industrial growth over thepast few decades.2Urbanisation andinfrastructural advancements have also ledto the expansion of manufacturing sectors,particularly in textiles, electronics, andautomotive.3However, challenges persist, such ascomplex legal framew