国会应完全资助NSF的小费，以使美国与中国更具竞争力

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2025CONTENTSKey Takeaways ................................................................................................................. 1Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2What Is the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnership?...................................... 3What Has TIP Accomplished?............................................................................................. 5Technology Translation and Development ...................................................................... 5Regional Innovation and Economic Growth .................................................................... 6Workforce Development............................................................................................... 6How TIP Can Fill in the Gaps in the U.S. Innovation Ecosystem ............................................. 7Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 8Boost TIP Appropriations to $1 Billion for the Coming Fiscal Year ....................................... 8Expand International Research Collaboration .................................................................... 9Conduct Frequent Reviews of TIP’s Performance............................................................... 9Move the ERC and IUCRC Programs Under TIP ................................................................. 9Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 10Endnotes ....................................................................................................................... 11INTRODUCTIONWhen Congress passed the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, it authorized $81 billion to theNational Science Foundation (NSF) over five years, with only one-fourth to go to the Directoratefor Technology, Innovation, and Partnership (TIP), which NSF had launched shortly before thislegislation.1The predecessor bill, the Endless Frontier Act, assigned about two-thirds of the newfunding to TIP, but due to intense university lobbying for no-strings-attached funding, the finalbill significantly reduced TIP’s share.Congress intended TIP funding to (1) support use-inspired and translational research andaccelerate the development and use of federally funded research and (2) strengthen U.S.competitiveness by accelerating the development of 10 key technologies.Despite congressional authorization, TIP has received only a fraction of the promised funding:$410 million in supplemental appropriations from the CHIPS and Science Act—far below the$20 billion authorized for FY 2023 to FY 2027. Given China’s massive investment in the 10technologies the act focuses on, the investment to date is a drop in the bucket.If Congress and the Trump administration want to avoid losing the techno-economic war withChina and expand research and innovation, both of which the TIP program promises to deliver,Congress needs to fund TIP in this fiscal year with at least $1 billion. PAGE 2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2025WHAT IS THE DIRECTORATE FOR TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, ANDPARTNERSHIP?China is challenging the United States for global technology leadership. In response to thiscrisis, Congress passed the CHIPS and Science Act. But shortly before this, the then-director ofNSF, Sethuraman Panchanathan, created a new directorate, TIP, within NSF to focus more onboth research with industry relevance and technology commercialization to industry. This was tobe a somewhat new approach for NSF, which historically had focused the lion’s share of itsefforts on responding to the needs of university principal investigators whose primary focus wasacademic publications.Research in the United States has declined, and that’s notwithstanding the recent cuts toresearch grants by the Trump administration, which will likely have devastating effects oninvention disclosures, licenses, and patents in the coming years. This is even more concerningconsidering that China is investing in research and development (R&D) at far higher rates thanthe United States is. Between 2019 and 2023, year-over-year growth in R&D investment wasjust 4.7 percent in the United States, compared with 8.9 percent in China (figure 1). Given thatChinese R&D is less expensive than U.S. R&D, when adjusted for cost-efficiency, China’s R&Dspending in 2023 was 2.3 times its actual amount—nearly $1.8 trillion.2Assuming Chinacontinues to increase its investment in R&D at a constant rate while U.S. investment stagnates,2024 data will show that China has already surpassed the United States in R&D investment.Figure 1: Gross expenditures on R&D, 2019–2023, with projections through 2025When you further consider that a significant portion of U.S. research, up until this point, hasbe