变革收费：气候行动中可再生能源的案例

Lead authors:Chibulu Luo (UNDP); Deva Sahadevan, Mohammod T. Irfan and Jonathan D. Moyer (Pardee Institute); Charlie Mason andEmily Beynon (Octopus Energy).Editor:Sharon CalandraDesigner:JT QuirkAcknowledgementsThis report was authored by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the University of Denver’s Pardee Institute and Octopus Energy.From UNDP, Chibulu Luo, Global Energy and Climate Change Advisor at UNDP’s Climate Hub, led the development and authorship ofthe report. Additional review and contributions were provided by the following UNDP colleagues: Amal Aldababseh, Monica Andrade,Meral Mungan Arda, Lisa Baumgartner, Jennifer Baumwell, Rebecca Carman, Aang Darmawan, Catherine Diam-Valla, Elif Duygun, LorenzoEguren, Ecem Ersoy, Jordan Fast, Guillermo Fernandez, Yevgen Groza, Stephen Kansuk, Christian Lopez, Fungai Matura, Gianluca Merlo,Maria Moz-Christofoletti, Geoffrey Omedo, Edvard Orlic, Josh Oxby, Alexandra Prodan, Luis Rivera, Mario Rodas, Katya Soegiharto andYing Zhang. Many thanks are also extended to Riad Meddeb, Director of UNDP’s Sustainable Energy Hub, and the Sustainable EnergyHub team for their additional review and feedback. And finally, to Cassie Flynn, Director of UNDP’s Climate Hub, for providing guidanceon the report’s overall development.At the Pardee Institute, the research team was led by Deva Sahadevan, Mohammod T. Irfan and Jonathan D. Moyer, with contributions fromYutang Xiong, Ethan Sullivan, Collin J. Meisel, Julia Frangul, Taylor Hanna, Omar Aittakalla, José Solórzano, Abdelrahman Ibrahim, KexinShang, Norah Shamin and Barry B. Hughes. The Pardee team also led the modelling of the three scenarios discussed in the report, usingthe International Futures (IFs) tool. From Octopus Energy, Emily Beynon and Charlie Mason provided detailed reviews and contributions.Finally, we extend our gratitude to the following experts in energy systems, whose peer review and thoughtful feedback further enrichedour overall analysis: Shonali Pachauri (Principal Research Scholar, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis – IIASA) and StevePye (Professor of Energy Systems, University College London). About UNDPUNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with ourbroad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learnmore atundp.orgor follow at@UNDP. About UNDP’s Climate PromiseUNDP’s Climate Promise is the UN system’s largest portfolio of support on climate action, workingwith more than 140 countries and territories and directly benefiting 37 million people. This portfolioimplements over US$2.3 billion in grant financingand draws on UNDP’s expertise in adaptation,mitigation, carbon markets, climate and forests, and climate strategies and policy. Visit our website atclimatepromise.undp.organd follow usat@UNDPClimate.About University of Denver’s Pardee InstitutePardee Institute builds and uses data and tools to analyse our complex world and the long-termdynamics of change in human, social, and natural systems. We share our resources with policymakers,academics, and others seeking to improve the ways we contemplate and plan for the global future. Ourflagship tool is the International Futures (IFs) model, which combines interconnected models acrossmultiple domains: agriculture, demographics, economics, education, energy, environment, gender,governance, health, infrastructure, international politics, and technology.About Octopus EnergyOctopus Energy Group is a global clean energy and tech business, driving the affordable, greenenergy system of the future. It serves over 10 million customers globally, is present in 32 countries andoperates a £7bn portfolio of renewable energy assets. Its proprietary clean tech platform, Kraken, isat the heart of its growth and is contracted to serve over 70 million accounts across the globe. With$2.3 billion in funding from energy firms, pension funds, and global investors, Octopus is valued ataround $9 billion. For more information, check out ourwebsite. About this publicationThis product was developed by the University of Denver’s Pardee Institute, Octopus Energy and UNDP under the Climate Promise by thePledge to Impact Programme. Delivered in collaboration with a wide variety of partners, the initiative has supported over 120 countriestoenhance and implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Pledge to Impact is generously supportedby the governments of Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Iceland, The Netherlands, Portugal and other UNDPcore contributors. This programme underpins UNDP’s contribution to the NDC Partnership.Citation:Sahadevan, D., Irfan, M. T., Luo, C., Moyer, J. D., Mason, C., & Beynon, E. (2025). Charged for change: The case for renewableenergy in climate action. UNDP; Pardee Institute for International Futures; O