美国零售业的经济贡献

THE ECONOMICCONTRIBUTIONOF THEUSRETAILINDUSTRY March2024 Prepared for National Retail Federation Table of Contents I.Introduction2II.Industry Definition5III.National Results9IV.State Results22V. Congressional District Results38Appendix A: Detail on Retail Firms, Employment, and Labor Income by Firm SizeA-1Appendix B: Detailed Occupational Data for the US Retail IndustryB-1Appendix C: Detailed Congressional District Results by StateC-1Appendix D: Data Sources and MethodologyD-1 TheEconomicContributionof theUS RetailIndustry ExecutiveSummary The National Retail Federation engaged PwCUS Tax LLP (“PwC”)to quantify thecontributionof the retail industrytotheUSeconomy.In evaluating the economiccontributionof the retail industry,defined in this study to include retail trade and foodservices and drinking places,this report considers three separate channels—the direct,indirect, and inducedcontributions—that in aggregate provide a measure of the totaleconomiccontributionof theUSretail industry: •Directcontributionis measured as the jobs, labor income, and grossdomestic product (“GDP”)withintheUSretail industry.•Indirectcontributionis measured as the jobs, labor income,and GDPoccurringin other industries due to theUSretail industry’s purchases ofintermediateinputs(other than merchandise intended for resale) and capitalgoods.•Inducedcontributionis measured as the jobs, labor income,and GDPresulting fromhousehold spendingof income earned either directly orindirectly from theUSretail industry’seconomic activities. Total NationalContribution This report finds that the US retail industry’s total employmentcontribution, includingits direct, indirect, and inducedcontributions, supported 55million full-time and part-time jobs in 2022, accounting for 26.0percent of total US employment (seeTableE-1).The industry’stotal labor incomecontributionwas estimated to be $3.0trillion or20.0percent of national labor income in 2022. The industry’s total GDPcontributionwas $5.3trillion, accounting for20.4percent of US GDP in 2022.1 Table E-1. TotalContributionof the Retail Industryto the US Economy, 2022 DirectNationalContribution In terms of the industry’s direct economiccontribution, this report finds thatin 2022,there were nearly4.6million retail establishments (including food services and drinkingplaces) across the country, counting both those with paid employees and nonemployers(which primarily consist of self-employed individuals operating small unincorporated businesses)(seeTable E-2).Theseretailbusinesses accounted for 11.1percent of allbusiness establishments in the country in 2022. The retail industry directly provided32.2million jobs for American workers (accounting for15.2percent of the nationaltotal), making it the largest private-sector employer in the country,surpassing all otherindustriesat the 2-digitNorth America Industry Classification System(“NAICS”) codelevel(seeTable E-3). The industry also directly paid out $1.3trillion in wages andsalaries,fringe benefits,and proprietors’ income (8.5percent of the national total) andgenerated$2.2trillion in GDP (8.6percent of the national total), making itthethirdlargest GDP contributor among all 2-digit NAICS private industries. Table E-2. TheUSRetail Industry’s Direct NationalContribution,2022 TheEconomicContributionof theUS RetailIndustry US Retail Industry by Firm Size While businesses in the US retail industry range from small family-runoperationstolarge global retailers with thousands of employees, available data indicate that themajority ofUSretail businesses are relatively small. In fact, as shown inTableE-4,98.6percent of all US retail firms hadfewerthan 50 employees in 2022.2Thesefirmsaccounted for40.1percent of all retail industry jobs and35.6percent of total laborincome in the retail industry in 2022.Whileaccounting for a small percent of thenumber of firms in the retail industry, retail firms with 50 or more employees accountedfora significant portionof retail employment andlaborincomeat 59.9 percent and 64.4percent of the industry total,respectively, in 2022. Recent Growth Trends The long-term trends in the retail industry have been driven by e-commerce growth,automation, and industry consolidation. Withtheretirement of the baby boomergenerationandthe rise of the millennial generation,consumer behavior has also beenshifting. The COVID-19pandemic, whichresulted insharp declines inretailemploymentand output as many retailers and consumers began to engage in contactless shoppingand curbside pickup, has further accelerated the effects of these factors.By evaluatingthechange in payroll employment ofsubsectors within the retail industryover time, wegaina betterunderstanding of thegrowth trends in theindustry. A growing emphasis on cartravelhaslikelycontributed to “Recreational VehicleDealers” beingthe fastest growingretailsubsector bypayrollemploymentbetween 2010and 2022,with average annual growth of5.9percent.Next,“Snack and NonalcoholicBeverage Bars,”