EVC提交给DCCEEW——NEM审查

DCCEEW Via email:NEMreview@dcceew.gov.au With reference to:NEM Review-Initial Consultation-Climate Introduction The EVC appreciates the opportunity toprovide input into the review of the NationalElectricity Market (NEM) wholesale market settings.The NEM was last overhauled in the1990s andis no longer fit for purpose.This review can set up the next iteration toserveconsumers a reliable service at low cost, whilst integratingCERto meet climate targets. Questions “How can markets ensure we have sufficient capacity in place when and where we need itbefore existing resources retire? How do the marketsettings preferred by stakeholdersprovidesufficient confidence to consumers and governments that capacity will bedelivered?” Markets can ensurewe have sufficient capacity in place by minimising the degree to whichEV charging occurs at peak times.To the extent that EV charging happens middle of dayand/or middle of night, it will deliver against this objective by limiting the need for newdispatchable generation assets.Headwinds to this outcome includeanabsence of retailcompetition in WA and regional Qld.Time-of-use (TOU) tariffsare such that charging anEV at night inregional Qldcouldcost3 timesas much as inSE Qld.1 Consumer education will be crucial to provide sufficient confidence.EV charging is anextremely easy load for consumers to time-shift in a variety of simple ways, but they needto know that there’s a big saving to be had by doing it.There are someEVC resourcestothat end,butVictorianenergy compareand the Federal government’sEnergymade easywill need tobe built out to incorporate EVs, to make it easier for consumersto get on theright deal.Consumers also need to knowthe different methods to charge in off-peak times,to access that saving.2 V2G exports will also be key to ‘providing what we need, where and when we need it’ atpeak times in the system.As a simple house-level example, on a hot summer afternoon,the car in the driveway can (and should) be discharging to cover the home air conditioningload, taking pressure off the rest of the energy system.The consumer will need to (andshould) see a benefit from engaging in this behaviour.Two-way tariffs with attractivefeed-in rates at peak times should not be disincentivised by being coupled withsolar export feesduring the day, wherethere are other tariffs available without solar export fees. To be clear,the EVC would prefer solar export tariffs were eitherapplied to all tariffs or none at all, sothey cannot act as a disincentive totaking up tariffs that reward export during peak periods. “How can the NEM wholesale market and any other markets work in tandem to ensure wehave appropriate signals for the right type of resources in place when and where we needit?” V2G represents by far the largest potential pool ofgrid connected storage in 2050.3 Wehave the opportunity to set Australia on a path to being world leaders in V2G, just as weare world leaders in rooftop solar. Wholesale spot pricing supports V2G, by recognising the arbitrage value of energy at peaktime relative to off peak time.Distribution Network tariffs need some work in this respect–the proposed tariffs in Victoria, for example, are directionally correct in supporting V2G, butappearto have been designed to sequester the bulk of the value created by V2Gparticipation to the DNSP, rather than sharing the value created with the consumer whochooses to invest in the hardware and participate. Retail plans that reward V2G export at peak time will emerge rapidly in the competitiveparts of the market.Amber already has a plan in market that will work.Regional QLD andWA can be expected to lag due to lack of competitive market structure. “How can these market settings facilitate emissions reduction in line with the NationalElectricity Objective and Australia’s international commitments?” An EV discharging (V2G) at peak time will typically displace fossil fuel generation, in thesame way that rooftop solar exports crowd out fossil fuel generationin the middle of theday.If the EV is recharging the next day from solar, or overnight from wind, it’s displacingfossil fuel generation with renewable generation.In either case, it’s taking pressure off thenetworks, and thereby driving down the overall cost of electricity foreveryone–which willact to further encourage EV uptake and the shift away from gas appliances. Energy used to charge EVs for the task of providing traction power (as distinct from chargingtosupport arbitrage by way of V2G) will also displace petrol and diesel usage.Road transport currently accounts for about 18%4of nationalemissions andhas been consideredby the AER as falling within scope for consideration under the NEO when approving DNSPregulatory resets. “What can be done tofacilitate better interaction between the demand-side, the spot marketand any existing or future financial markets?” RegardingEV charging: ensure that the consumer actually has access to signals that havethe potential to b